Abstract
The effect of neem (Azadiracta indica) leaf extract against Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum, the causal agents of early blight and wilt of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) respectively, was studied. Concentrations (5, 10 and 20%) of aqueous neem extract suppressed mycelial growth of both pathogenic fungi and the degree of suppression gradually increased with increasing concentration. A concentration of 20% aqueous neem leaf extract sprayed on tomato plants lowered the incidence of Alternaria early blight from 53.2 to 42.5% after two weeks and from 100 to 79.2% after 4 weeks. Spraying plus irrigation with the same extract lowered the severity of Alternaria early blight from 26.8 to 11.4% after 2 weeks and from 61.7 to 17.9% after 4 weeks (control ratio of 43.71% after 4 weeks). For F. oxysporum wilt, germination of tomato seeds was highest in pots containing the negative control (soil free of pathogen) and in pots irrigated with the aqueous neem extract. The lowest disease incidence (19.04%) was obtained in pots treated with the pathogen and irrigated with aqueous neem extract, where an 81% control of Fusarium wilt was achieved. Growth parameters of tomato (shoot and root length, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots) were studied 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing in the presence of the pathogens. There was a significant gradual increase in growth parameters when the plants were sprayed and irrigated with aqueous neem extract with the greatest improvement recorded 8 weeks after sowing.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing neem extract concentrations progressively suppressed Alternaria solani mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- aqueous neem extracte0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solani
Alternaria solanie1pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations (5, 10 and 20%) of aqueous neem extract suppressed mycelial growth of both pathogenic fungi and the degree of suppression gradually increased with increasing concentration.”
t0“tomato early blight”
e1“Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing neem extract concentrations progressively suppressed Fusarium oxysporum mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- aqueous neem extracte0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume1pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations (5, 10 and 20%) of aqueous neem extract suppressed mycelial growth of both pathogenic fungi and the degree of suppression gradually increased with increasing concentration.”
t0“tomato early blight”
e1“Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed 20% neem extract reduced early blight incidence from 53.2 to 42.5% at two weeks.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 20% aqueous neem leaf extract sprayed on tomato plantse0
- Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of Alternaria early blighte0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 42.5%e0
- Comparator
- 53.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A concentration of 20% aqueous neem leaf extract sprayed on tomato plants lowered the incidence of Alternaria early blight from 53.2 to 42.5% after two weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed 20% neem extract reduced early blight incidence from 100 to 79.2% at four weeks.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 20% aqueous neem leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- AlternariaAlternariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of Alternaria early blighte0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 79.2%e0
- Comparator
- 100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A concentration of 20% aqueous neem leaf extract sprayed on tomato plants lowered the incidence of Alternaria early blight from 53.2 to 42.5% after two weeks and from 100 to 79.2% after 4 weeks.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying and irrigation with neem extract reduced Alternaria blight severity from 26.8 to 11.4% after two weeks.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Spraying plus irrigation with the same extracte0
- Interactor
- AlternariaAlternariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of Alternaria early blighte0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 11.4%e0
- Comparator
- 26.8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying plus irrigation with the same extract lowered the severity of Alternaria early blight from 26.8 to 11.4% after 2 weeks”
t0“tomato early blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying and irrigation with neem extract reduced Alternaria blight severity from 61.7 to 17.9% after four weeks.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Spraying plus irrigation with the same extracte0
- Interactor
- AlternariaAlternariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of Alternaria early blighte0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 17.9%e0
- Comparator
- 61.7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying plus irrigation with the same extract lowered the severity of Alternaria early blight from 26.8 to 11.4% after 2 weeks and from 61.7 to 17.9% after 4 weeks”
t0“tomato early blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem irrigation of pathogen treated pots produced 19.04% Fusarium wilt incidence and 81% control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- irrigated with aqueous neem extracte0
- Outcome
- Fusarium wilte0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 19.04%e0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest disease incidence (19.04%) was obtained in pots treated with the pathogen and irrigated with aqueous neem extract, where an 81% control of Fusarium wilt was achieved.”
t0“tomato early blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem spraying and irrigation significantly increased tomato growth parameters, greatest at eight weeks.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- sprayed and irrigated with aqueous neem extracte0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant gradual increase in growth parameters when the plants were sprayed and irrigated with aqueous neem extract with the greatest improvement recorded 8 weeks after sowing.”
t0“tomato early blight”
The same questions in other papers
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Azadirachta indica · Fusarium · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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224 papers in the same direction as this paper · 26 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 253 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.