Abstract
2 Abstract: Salt damage has a broad physiological spectrum a ffecting metabolic processes. Application of 0.25 ppm brassinolide (BR) and 0.15 ppm salicylic acid (SA) a s se ed soaking and foliar spraying greatly alleviate oxidative stress in maize plants grown under salt stress. Results showed t hat activity of antioxidant en zymes (s uperoxide dismutase, p eroxidase, ca talase and ascorbate peroxidase) sig nificantly increased i n maize shoots as compared w ith stressed c ontrol. The h ighest activity was recorded i n BR- 3 treated plants. Salt stress led to sharp decrease in the levels of IAA, GA and Zeatin, while ABA level greatly increased i n maize shoots. Application with both regulators increased t hese levels and BR- treated plants had higher hormonal content than SA treated plants under the same conditions. Also, BR an d SA markedly i ncreased content o f t otal so luble proteins and nucleic acids ( DNA and RNA) e specially in shoots of 3 w eeks old pl ants irrigated with w ell water + 50 mM NaCl. In addition, protein profile of maize shoots indicate t hat BR and SA regulate e xpression of salt-stress inducible pr oteins as well as induced de novo synthesis of specific polypeptides, w hich are anticipated to play a n active role in salt resistance. T hus, b oth r egulators induced the appearance of no vel p rotein b ands h aving molecular w eights 215, 122, 108 KDa (i nduced by BR), 48, 23 (induced by SA) and 34 (induced by b oth regulators) and not found i n proteins of stressed or u n-stressed control. Other protein bands of molecular weights 100, 89, 43.5, 40.5, 24 and 2 2 K Da w ere detected i n maize shoots in response to s alt stress, BR and S A. Results in t he p resent w ork re vealed t hat treatment with B R and SA greatly alleviate t he harmful effect of salt stress on maize plants by increasing levels of antioxidant enzymes, endogenous growth h ormones and induced the appearance of salt defense p roteins.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide and salicylic acid alleviated oxidative stress.
- Treatment
- 0.25 ppm brassinolide (BR) and 0.15 ppm salicylic acid (SA)e0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 0.25 ppm brassinolide (BR) and 0.15 ppm salicylic acid (SA) a s se ed soaking and foliar spraying greatly alleviate oxidative stress in maize plants grown under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly relative to stressed control.
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- brassinolidet0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant en zymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- stressed c ontrole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activity of antioxidant en zymes (s uperoxide dismutase, p eroxidase, ca talase and ascorbate peroxidase) sig nificantly increased i n maize shoots as compared w ith stressed c ontrol”
t0“brassinolide”
Claim · model-written summary
BR-3 plants had the highest antioxidant enzyme activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The h ighest activity was recorded i n BR- 3 treated plants”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced IAA, GA and Zeatin levels.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress led to sharp decrease in the levels of IAA, GA and Zeatin”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased ABA levels.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while ABA level greatly increased i n maize shoots”
t0“Maize Plants”
e1“Application of 0.25 ppm brassinolide (BR) and 0.15 ppm salicylic acid (SA) a s se ed soaking and foliar spraying greatly alleviate oxidative stress in maize plants grown under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Both regulators increased hormone levels, with higher content under BR than SA.
- Treatment
- BR- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- hormonal contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- SA treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application with both regulators increased t hese levels and BR- treated plants had higher hormonal content than SA treated plants under the same conditions”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BR and SA increased total soluble protein and nucleic acid contents.
- Treatment
- BR an d SAe0
- Outcome
- content o f t otal so luble proteins and nucleic acidse0
- Direction
- i ncreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR an d SA markedly i ncreased content o f t otal so luble proteins and nucleic acids ( DNA and RNA)”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BR and SA induced novel protein bands absent from both controls.
- Treatment
- b oth r egulatorse0
- Outcome
- appearance of no vel p rotein b andse0
- Value
- 215, 122, 108 KDae0
- Comparator
- stressed or u n-stressed controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“b oth r egulators induced the appearance of no vel p rotein b ands h aving molecular w eights 215, 122, 108 KDa (i nduced by BR), 48, 23 (induced by SA) and 34 (induced by b oth regulators) and not found i n proteins of stressed or u n-stressed control”
t0“Maize Plants”
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