Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2000-02 to study the performance of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)-based cropping systems under various nitrogen levels on sandy loam soil of Delhi. Intercropping of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) in fennel declined the seed yield of fennel to the tune of 14.5,23.3 and 31.4% compared to sole fennel respectively. While inclusion of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) in fennel increased 6% fennel yield over sole fennel. Similar effects of cropping systems were also noticed on plant height, branches/plant, stover yield and nutrient uptake. The maximum contents of soil available nitrogen (191.8 kg/ha) and potassium (229.5 kg/ha) were analyzed after fennel + fenugreek system while highest content of soil available phosphorus (12.9 kg/ha) was left by sole fennel. The fennel + fenugreek (3.44 tonnes/ha) closely followed by fennel + potato (3.23 tonnes/ha) was found the most productive intercropping system. Increasing nitrogen application levels from control to three-fourth of recommended dose of nitrogen to both main and intercrops significantly improved the plant height, branches/plant, seed and stover yield, fenugreek seed equivalents and nutrient uptake. The residual contents of available nitrogen in soil enhanced up to the full recommended dose of nitrogen while increase in contents of available phosphorus and potassium was noticed up the half of recommended dose of nitrogen. The maximum nitrogen use efficiency of 14.55 kg fennel seed equivalents/kg of N applied was recorded by fennel + fenugreek system at three fourth of recommended dose of nitrogen.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with potato reduced fennel seed yield by 14.5% compared with sole fennel.
- Taxon
- fennel
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=60)
Anethum foeniculumt0 - Treatment
- Intercropping of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)e1
- Outcome
- seed yield of fennele1
- Direction
- declinede1
- Value
- 14.5e1
- Comparator
- sole fennele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e1“Intercropping of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) in fennel declined the seed yield of fennel to the tune of 14.5,23.3 and 31.4% compared to sole fennel respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with cauliflower reduced fennel seed yield by 23.3% compared with sole fennel.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.)e1
- Outcome
- seed yield of fennele1
- Direction
- declinede1
- Value
- 23.3e1
- Comparator
- sole fennele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e1“Intercropping of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) in fennel declined the seed yield of fennel to the tune of 14.5,23.3 and 31.4% compared to sole fennel respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with radish reduced fennel seed yield by 31.4% compared with sole fennel.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- radish (Raphanus sativus L.)e1
- Outcome
- seed yield of fennele1
- Direction
- declinede1
- Value
- 31.4e1
- Comparator
- sole fennele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e1“Intercropping of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) in fennel declined the seed yield of fennel to the tune of 14.5,23.3 and 31.4% compared to sole fennel respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inclusion of fenugreek in fennel increased fennel yield by 6% over sole fennel.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- inclusion of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)e2
- Outcome
- fennel yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 6%e2
- Comparator
- sole fennele2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e2“While inclusion of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) in fennel increased 6% fennel yield over sole fennel”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping systems similarly affected plant height, branches per plant and stover yield of fennel.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- cropping systemse3
- Outcome
- plant height, branches/plant, stover yielde3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e3“Similar effects of cropping systems were also noticed on plant height, branches/plant, stover yield and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping systems similarly affected nutrient uptake of fennel.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- cropping systemse3
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e3“Similar effects of cropping systems were also noticed on plant height, branches/plant, stover yield and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Fennel plus fenugreek had the maximum soil available nitrogen content, 191.8 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- fennel + fenugreek systeme4
- Outcome
- soil available nitrogene4
- Value
- 191.8 kg/hae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e4“The maximum contents of soil available nitrogen (191.8 kg/ha) and potassium (229.5 kg/ha) were analyzed after fennel + fenugreek system while highest content of soil available phosphorus (12.9 kg/ha) was left by sole fennel”
Claim · model-written summary
Fennel plus fenugreek had the maximum soil available potassium content, 229.5 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- fennel + fenugreek systeme4
- Outcome
- potassiume4
- Value
- 229.5 kg/hae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e4“The maximum contents of soil available nitrogen (191.8 kg/ha) and potassium (229.5 kg/ha) were analyzed after fennel + fenugreek system while highest content of soil available phosphorus (12.9 kg/ha) was left by sole fennel”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole fennel left the highest soil available phosphorus content, 12.9 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- sole fennele4
- Outcome
- soil available phosphoruse4
- Value
- 12.9 kg/hae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e4“The maximum contents of soil available nitrogen (191.8 kg/ha) and potassium (229.5 kg/ha) were analyzed after fennel + fenugreek system while highest content of soil available phosphorus (12.9 kg/ha) was left by sole fennel”
Claim · model-written summary
Fennel plus fenugreek (3.44 tonnes/ha) was the most productive intercropping system.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- fennel + fenugreeke5
- Outcome
- most productive intercropping systeme5
- Value
- 3.44 tonnes/hae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e5“The fennel + fenugreek (3.44 tonnes/ha) closely followed by fennel + potato (3.23 tonnes/ha) was found the most productive intercropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Fennel plus potato (3.23 tonnes/ha) closely followed the most productive intercropping system.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- fennel + potatoe5
- Outcome
- closely followede5
- Value
- 3.23 tonnes/hae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e5“The fennel + fenugreek (3.44 tonnes/ha) closely followed by fennel + potato (3.23 tonnes/ha) was found the most productive intercropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from control to three-fourth of the recommended dose significantly improved plant height and branches per plant of fennel.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application levels from control to three-fourth of recommended dose of nitrogene6
- Outcome
- plant height, branches/plante6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e6“Increasing nitrogen application levels from control to three-fourth of recommended dose of nitrogen to both main and intercrops significantly improved the plant height, branches/plant, seed and stover yield, fenugreek seed equivalents and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from control to three-fourth of the recommended dose significantly improved seed and stover yield of fennel.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application levels from control to three-fourth of recommended dose of nitrogene6
- Outcome
- seed and stover yielde6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e6“Increasing nitrogen application levels from control to three-fourth of recommended dose of nitrogen to both main and intercrops significantly improved the plant height, branches/plant, seed and stover yield, fenugreek seed equivalents and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from control to three-fourth of the recommended dose significantly improved fenugreek seed equivalents and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application levels from control to three-fourth of recommended dose of nitrogene6
- Outcome
- fenugreek seed equivalents and nutrient uptakee6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e6“Increasing nitrogen application levels from control to three-fourth of recommended dose of nitrogen to both main and intercrops significantly improved the plant height, branches/plant, seed and stover yield, fenugreek seed equivalents and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Full recommended nitrogen dose enhanced residual soil available nitrogen in fennel fields.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- full recommended dose of nitrogene7
- Outcome
- residual contents of available nitrogen in soile7
- Direction
- enhancede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e7“The residual contents of available nitrogen in soil enhanced up to the full recommended dose of nitrogen while increase in contents of available phosphorus and potassium was noticed up the half of recommended dose of nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Half the recommended nitrogen dose increased available phosphorus and potassium in soil under fennel.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- half of recommended dose of nitrogene7
- Outcome
- available phosphorus and potassiume7
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e7“The residual contents of available nitrogen in soil enhanced up to the full recommended dose of nitrogen while increase in contents of available phosphorus and potassium was noticed up the half of recommended dose of nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Fennel plus fenugreek at three-fourth of the recommended nitrogen dose had the maximum nitrogen use efficiency, 14.55 kg fennel seed equivalents/kg of N applied.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- fennel + fenugreek system at three fourth of recommended dose of nitrogene1
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye1
- Value
- 14.55 kg fennel seed equivalents/kg of N appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen requirement of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
e1“The maximum nitrogen use efficiency of 14.55 kg fennel seed equivalents/kg of N applied was recorded by fennel + fenugreek system at three fourth of recommended dose of nitrogen”
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