Abstract
The field experiment was conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in a permanent layout, during the rainy, winter and spring/summer season of 201012 and rainy season of 2012; to study the effect of 2 tillage practices {Conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) with mulching of crop residue @ 5 tonnes/ha in each crop) and 10 cropping systems with 300% cropping intensity (Maize (Zea mays L.)/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in rainy seasonwheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend Fiori & Paol.}/coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)/(fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)/vegetable pea {Pisum sativum (L.) var hortense }/potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in winter season and green gram {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilezek} after wheat/coriander/fenugreek and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) after vegetable pea/potato during spring/summer seasons) on system productiv- ity, resource-use efficiency and economics. MT with mulching resulted in 5.4% higher system productivity than CT during 2010-11, which increased to 7.4% in 201112. On an average, system productivity of soybean-based crop- ping systems was higher than the respective maize-based cropping systems. With intervention of vegetable pea and potato during winter and sunflower during spring, the productivity of maize/soybeanvegetable pea/potato sunflower systems increased up to 128% over maize/soybeanwheatgreen gram system. Similarly replacement of wheat with coriander in maize/soybeanwheatgreen gram system also improved system productivity mark- edly. MT with crop residue cover recorded 12.7% increase in production efficiency (45.2 and 40.1 kg/ha/day, aver- age of 2 years under minimum and conventional tillage) and 27.5 % in water productivity (3.06 and 2.40 kg/m3 , average of 2 years under minimum and conventional tillage) over CT. In maize as well as soybean based cropping systems production efficiency {71.1 and 78.6 kg maize grain equivalent yield (MGEY)/ha/day average of 2 years under maize and soybean respectively} and water productivity (4.11 and 4.04 kg MGEY/m3) were the highest with vegetable pea during winter and sunflower during spring, followed by potatosunflower. The employment genera- tion was the maximum with potatosunflower followed by vegetable peasunflower. MT resulted in higher net profit ( 119.2103) and economic efficiency ( 326/ha/day) than CT. Among cropping systems, maximum net re- turns ( 230103/ha), benefit : cost ratio ( 3.93) and economic efficiency ( 631 ha/day) were recorded in soy- beanvegetable peasunflower system followed by maizevegetable peasunflower system ( 204103; 3.62; 573/ ha/day, respectively). Based on the study, minimum tillage with crop residue cover and maize/soy- beanvegetable peasunflower system followed by maize/soybeanpotatosunflower system were found more productive, resource-use efficient and remunerative under irrigated condition of north-west part of India.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage with mulching gave 5.4% higher system productivity than conventional tillage in 2010-11.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e0“MT with mulching resulted in 5.4% higher system productivity than CT during 2010-11, which increased to 7.4% in 201112”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage with mulching raised system productivity to 7.4% above conventional tillage in 2011-12.
- Treatment
- MT with mulchinge0
- Outcome
- system productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.4%e0
- Qualifier
- in 201112e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e0“MT with mulching resulted in 5.4% higher system productivity than CT during 2010-11, which increased to 7.4% in 201112”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean-based cropping systems had higher system productivity than maize-based cropping systems.
- Treatment
- soybean-based crop- ping systemse1
- Outcome
- system productivitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- maize-based cropping systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e1“On an average, system productivity of soybean-based crop- ping systems was higher than the respective maize-based cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetable pea and potato in winter and sunflower in spring raised system productivity up to 128% over the maize/soybean-wheat-green gram system.
- Treatment
- vegetable pea and potato during winter and sunflower during springe3
- Outcome
- productivitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 128%e2
- Comparator
- maize/soybeanwheatgreen gram systeme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e2“the productivity of maize/soybeanvegetable pea/potato sunflower systems increased up to 128% over maize/soybeanwheatgreen gram system”
e3“With intervention of vegetable pea and potato during winter and sunflower during spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage with crop residue cover increased production efficiency by 12.7% over conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- MT with crop residue covere5
- Outcome
- production efficiencye5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- 12.7%e5
- Comparator
- CTe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e5“MT with crop residue cover recorded 12.7% increase in production efficiency”
e6“27.5 % in water productivity (3.06 and 2.40 kg/m3 , average of 2 years under minimum and conventional tillage) over CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage with crop residue cover increased water productivity by 27.5% over conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- MT with crop residue covere5
- Outcome
- water productivitye6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 27.5 %e6
- Comparator
- CTe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e5“MT with crop residue cover recorded 12.7% increase in production efficiency”
e6“27.5 % in water productivity (3.06 and 2.40 kg/m3 , average of 2 years under minimum and conventional tillage) over CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Production efficiency was highest with vegetable pea during winter and sunflower during spring, at 71.1 and 78.6 kg MGEY/ha/day in maize and soybean systems.
- Treatment
- vegetable pea during winter and sunflower during springe7
- Outcome
- production efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 71.1 and 78.6 kg maize grain equivalent yield (MGEY)/ha/daye0
- Comparator
- potatosunflowere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e0“production efficiency {71.1 and 78.6 kg maize grain equivalent yield (MGEY)/ha/day average of 2 years under maize and soybean respectively}”
e7“were the highest with vegetable pea during winter and sunflower during spring, followed by potatosunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Water productivity was highest with vegetable pea during winter and sunflower during spring, at 4.11 and 4.04 kg MGEY/m3.
- Treatment
- vegetable pea during winter and sunflower during springe7
- Outcome
- water productivitye7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 4.11 and 4.04 kg MGEY/m3e7
- Comparator
- potatosunflowere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e7“water productivity (4.11 and 4.04 kg MGEY/m3) were the highest with vegetable pea during winter and sunflower during spring, followed by potatosunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Employment generation was maximum with potato-sunflower, followed by vegetable pea-sunflower.
- Treatment
- potatosunflowere0
- Outcome
- employment genera- tione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Comparator
- vegetable peasunflowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e0“The employment genera- tion was the maximum with potatosunflower followed by vegetable peasunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage gave higher net profit than conventional tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e0“MT resulted in higher net profit ( 119.2103) and economic efficiency ( 326/ha/day) than CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage gave higher economic efficiency than conventional tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e0“MT resulted in higher net profit ( 119.2103) and economic efficiency ( 326/ha/day) than CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Among cropping systems, the soybean-vegetable pea-sunflower system had maximum net returns.
- Treatment
- soy- beanvegetable peasunflower systeme0
- Outcome
- net re- turnse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 230103/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e0“Among cropping systems, maximum net re- turns ( 230103/ha), benefit : cost ratio ( 3.93) and economic efficiency ( 631 ha/day) were recorded in soy- beanvegetable peasunflower system”
Claim · model-written summary
Among cropping systems, the soybean-vegetable pea-sunflower system had maximum benefit:cost ratio of 3.93.
- Treatment
- soy- beanvegetable peasunflower systeme0
- Outcome
- benefit : cost ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 3.93e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e0“Among cropping systems, maximum net re- turns ( 230103/ha), benefit : cost ratio ( 3.93) and economic efficiency ( 631 ha/day) were recorded in soy- beanvegetable peasunflower system”
Claim · model-written summary
Among cropping systems, the soybean-vegetable pea-sunflower system had maximum economic efficiency of 631 ha/day.
- Treatment
- soy- beanvegetable peasunflower systeme0
- Outcome
- economic efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 631 ha/daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e0“Among cropping systems, maximum net re- turns ( 230103/ha), benefit : cost ratio ( 3.93) and economic efficiency ( 631 ha/day) were recorded in soy- beanvegetable peasunflower system”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage with crop residue cover is recommended for irrigated north-west India as more productive, resource-use efficient and remunerative.
- Outcome
- minimum tillage with crop residue covere0
- Setting
- irrigated condition of north-west part of Indiae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems”
e0“minimum tillage with crop residue cover and maize/soy- beanvegetable peasunflower system followed by maize/soybeanpotatosunflower system were found more productive, resource-use efficient and remunerative”
e1“under irrigated condition of north-west part of India”
The same questions in other papers
Solanum tuberosum · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →organic · physiology: water · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →tillage · physiology: water · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
74 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
79 papers more in this group
See all 83 papers →mulching · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
360 papers more in this group
See all 364 papers →organic · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
369 papers more in this group
See all 373 papers →tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
1,095 papers more in this group
See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.