Paper · 1991 · HortScience

EVALUATION OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF CORN, BEANS AND POTATO IN A TRIPLE CROP INTERCROPPING SYSTEM AT LOW SOIL NITROGEN

W.T. Gondwe; H.C. Wien

11
claims
20
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

The response of corn, beans and potato was evaluated in a 3 crop intercropping system at constant population density of corn (37,050 plants/ha) and three densities of beans (66,000 132,000 200,000 plants/ha) and potato (13,000, 36,000, 44,000 plants/ha) at low soil nitrogen in 2 seasons. Intercropping at the highest plant densities of beans and potatoes reduced the yield of corn, beans and potatoes by 65, 80 and 51 per cent respectively and produced a land equivalent ratio (LER) of one. The LER increased with decrease in the density of companion crops up to 1.24, indicating that intercropping at lower densities was more beneficial than monocultures. Increasing the density of beans and potatoes reduced corn height, leaf width and size of ears as well as leaf N, P and K. In beans the number of pods per plant was reduced while seeds per plant and seed weight were constant. In potatoes tuber size and numbers per plant declined.. The results indicate that the triple crop density which maximizes yield and income should not exceed 2/3 of optimum bean and potato sole crop densities.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 11

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Intercropping at the highest bean and potato densities reduced corn yield by 65 per cent.

Treatment
Intercropping at the highest plant densities of beans and potatoese1
Outcome
yielde1
Direction
reducede1
Value
65e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The response of corn, beans and potato was evaluated in a 3 crop intercropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–85 · show in text ↑
e1

“Intercropping at the highest plant densities of beans and potatoes reduced the yield of corn, beans and potatoes by 65, 80 and 51 per cent respectively and produced a land equivalent ratio (LER) of one”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 289–490 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Intercropping at the highest bean and potato densities reduced bean yield by 80 per cent.

Taxon
beanse1
Treatment
Intercropping at the highest plant densities of beans and potatoese1
Outcome
yielde1
Direction
reducede1
Value
80e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The response of corn, beans and potato was evaluated in a 3 crop intercropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–85 · show in text ↑
e1

“Intercropping at the highest plant densities of beans and potatoes reduced the yield of corn, beans and potatoes by 65, 80 and 51 per cent respectively and produced a land equivalent ratio (LER) of one”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 289–490 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Intercropping at the highest bean and potato densities reduced potato yield by 51 per cent.

Taxon
potatoesSolanum tuberosume1
Treatment
Intercropping at the highest plant densities of beans and potatoese1
Outcome
yielde1
Direction
reducede1
Value
51e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The response of corn, beans and potato was evaluated in a 3 crop intercropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–85 · show in text ↑
e1

“Intercropping at the highest plant densities of beans and potatoes reduced the yield of corn, beans and potatoes by 65, 80 and 51 per cent respectively and produced a land equivalent ratio (LER) of one”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 289–490 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Intercropping at the highest densities gave a land equivalent ratio of one.

Taxon
corn, beans and potatoe0
Outcome
land equivalent ratio (LER)e1
Value
onee1

Verbatim

e0

“The response of corn, beans and potato was evaluated in a 3 crop intercropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–85 · show in text ↑
e1

“Intercropping at the highest plant densities of beans and potatoes reduced the yield of corn, beans and potatoes by 65, 80 and 51 per cent respectively and produced a land equivalent ratio (LER) of one”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 289–490 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The LER increased up to 1.24 as the density of companion crops decreased.

Taxon
corn, beans and potatoe0
Treatment
decrease in the density of companion cropse2
Outcome
LERe2
Direction
increasede2
Value
1.24e2
Comparator
monoculturese2

Verbatim

e0

“The response of corn, beans and potato was evaluated in a 3 crop intercropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–85 · show in text ↑
e2

“The LER increased with decrease in the density of companion crops up to 1.24, indicating that intercropping at lower densities was more beneficial than monocultures”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 492–656 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing bean and potato density reduced corn height, leaf width and ear size.

Treatment
Increasing the density of beans and potatoese3
Outcome
corn height, leaf width and size of earse3
Direction
reducede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“Increasing the density of beans and potatoes reduced corn height, leaf width and size of ears as well as leaf N, P and K”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 658–778 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing bean and potato density reduced leaf N, P and K in corn.

Treatment
Increasing the density of beans and potatoese3
Outcome
leaf N, P and Ke3
Direction
reducede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“Increasing the density of beans and potatoes reduced corn height, leaf width and size of ears as well as leaf N, P and K”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 658–778 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing bean and potato density reduced the number of pods per bean plant.

Taxon
beanse4
Treatment
Increasing the density of beans and potatoese3
Outcome
number of pods per plante4
Direction
reducede4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e3

“Increasing the density of beans and potatoes reduced corn height, leaf width and size of ears as well as leaf N, P and K”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 658–778 · show in text ↑
e4

“In beans the number of pods per plant was reduced while seeds per plant and seed weight were constant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–881 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seeds per plant and seed weight in beans were constant under increasing density.

Taxon
beanse4
Treatment
Increasing the density of beans and potatoese3
Outcome
seeds per plant and seed weighte4
Direction
constante4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e3

“Increasing the density of beans and potatoes reduced corn height, leaf width and size of ears as well as leaf N, P and K”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 658–778 · show in text ↑
e4

“In beans the number of pods per plant was reduced while seeds per plant and seed weight were constant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–881 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tuber size and tuber numbers per potato plant declined under increasing density.

Taxon
potatoesSolanum tuberosume5
Treatment
Increasing the density of beans and potatoese3
Outcome
tuber size and numbers per plante5
Direction
declinede5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“Increasing the density of beans and potatoes reduced corn height, leaf width and size of ears as well as leaf N, P and K”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 658–778 · show in text ↑
e5

“In potatoes tuber size and numbers per plant declined”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 883–936 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The triple-crop density that maximizes yield and income should not exceed 2/3 of optimum bean and potato sole-crop densities.

Taxon
corn, beans and potatoe0
Outcome
triple crop densitye6
Value
2/3e6

Verbatim

e0

“The response of corn, beans and potato was evaluated in a 3 crop intercropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–85 · show in text ↑
e6

“The results indicate that the triple crop density which maximizes yield and income should not exceed 2/3 of optimum bean and potato sole crop densities”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 939–1090 · show in text ↑

Solanum tuberosum · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

Solanum tuberosum · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 2 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

1 paper more in this group

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Solanum tuberosum · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

6 papers: 5 positive, 1 negative or no effect

5 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

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Solanum tuberosum · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

26 papers: 24 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

22 papers more in this group

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intercropping · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ

67 papers: 37 positive, 30 negative or no effect

29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

63 papers more in this group

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density · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results

44 papers: 36 positive, 8 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

40 papers more in this group

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intercropping · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results

54 papers: 41 positive, 13 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 41 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

50 papers more in this group

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density · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

81 papers: 58 positive, 23 negative or no effect

22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 58 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

77 papers more in this group

See all 81 papers →

8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.