Abstract
Efficacy of plant oils, botanical leaf powders as well as synthetic insecticides as grain protectants against Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus on stored soybean is reported. Soybean seed treated with neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w) recorded significantly higher adult mortality (≥ 55%) of C. chinensis during storage period of 6 months with higher half-life (about 2.5 months), higher gross persistency (4492.43 to 3445.88), lower population growth (3.11 to 6.15 adult emergence) and lower per cent loss in germination (15.96 to 20.94%). Among the various leaf powders, neem, eucalyptus and pongam @ 2 per cent recorded 38 per cent adult mortality, higher half-life (more than 3 months) and gross persistence (> 3180) values, lower number of adult emergence (≤ 1.82) and loss in germination (≤ 17%) and were found to be more effective treatments. Among the insecticides; deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspension were found to be more effective against C. chinensis and recorded significantly higher mortality (> 70%) with higher half-life values (8 to 6 months), higher persistency (5933 to 4982) and lower number of adult emergence (≤ 2.64). These insecticides did not affect the germination of soybean.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Neem, castor and pongam oils caused at least 55% beetle adult mortality.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w)e0
- Interactor
- C. chinensis
_male.jpg?width=60)
Callosobruchus chinensise0pest - Outcome
- adult mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- ≥ 55%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_male.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Soybean seed treated with neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w) recorded significantly higher adult mortality (≥ 55%) of C. chinensis during storage period of 6 months”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil treatments had a half-life of about 2.5 months.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w)e0
- Interactor
- C. chinensisCallosobruchus chinensise0pest
- Outcome
- half-lifee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- about 2.5 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean seed treated with neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w) recorded significantly higher adult mortality (≥ 55%) of C. chinensis during storage period of 6 months with higher half-life (about 2.5 months)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil treatments had higher gross persistency of 4492.43 to 3445.88.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w)e1
- Outcome
- gross persistencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4492.43 to 3445.88e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher gross persistency (4492.43 to 3445.88)”
e1“Soybean seed treated with neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil treatments reduced beetle population growth to 3.11 to 6.15 adult emergence.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w)e1
- Interactor
- C. chinensisCallosobruchus chinensise1pest
- Outcome
- population growthe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 3.11 to 6.15 adult emergencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower population growth (3.11 to 6.15 adult emergence)”
e1“Soybean seed treated with neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w) recorded significantly higher adult mortality (≥ 55%) of C. chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil treatments reduced soybean germination loss to 15.96 to 20.94%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w)e1
- Outcome
- per cent loss in germinatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 15.96 to 20.94%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower per cent loss in germination (15.96 to 20.94%)”
e1“Soybean seed treated with neem, castor and pongam oil @ 1 per cent (v/w)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem, eucalyptus and pongam leaf powders caused 38% adult mortality.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- neem, eucalyptus and pongam @ 2 per cente0
- Outcome
- adult mortalitye0
- Value
- 38 per cente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the various leaf powders, neem, eucalyptus and pongam @ 2 per cent recorded 38 per cent adult mortality”
t0“Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
These leaf powders had half-life over three months and gross persistence above 3180.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- neem, eucalyptus and pongam @ 2 per cente0
- Outcome
- half-lifee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- more than 3 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neem, eucalyptus and pongam @ 2 per cent recorded 38 per cent adult mortality, higher half-life (more than 3 months) and gross persistence (> 3180) values”
t0“Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf powders lowered adult emergence to at most 1.82.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- neem, eucalyptus and pongam @ 2 per cente1
- Outcome
- number of adult emergencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- ≤ 1.82e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower number of adult emergence (≤ 1.82)”
e1“neem, eucalyptus and pongam @ 2 per cent”
t0“Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf powders lowered germination loss to at most 17%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- neem, eucalyptus and pongam @ 2 per cente1
- Outcome
- loss in germinatione0
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- ≤ 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss in germination (≤ 17%)”
e1“neem, eucalyptus and pongam @ 2 per cent recorded 38 per cent adult mortality, higher half-life (more than 3 months) and gross persistence (> 3180) values, lower number of adult emergence (≤ 1.82) and loss in germination (≤ 17%)”
t0“Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
Four insecticides caused over 70% beetle mortality.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspensione0
- Interactor
- C. chinensisCallosobruchus chinensise0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- > 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspension were found to be more effective against C. chinensis and recorded significantly higher mortality (> 70%)”
t0“Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
The insecticides had half-lives of 8 to 6 months.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspensione1
- Outcome
- half-lifee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8 to 6 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher half-life values (8 to 6 months)”
e1“deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspension”
t0“Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
The insecticides had persistency of 5933 to 4982.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspensione1
- Outcome
- persistencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5933 to 4982e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher persistency (5933 to 4982)”
e1“deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspension”
t0“Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
The insecticides lowered adult emergence to at most 2.64.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspensione1
- Outcome
- number of adult emergencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- ≤ 2.64e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower number of adult emergence (≤ 2.64)”
e1“deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspension”
t0“Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
The insecticides did not affect soybean germination.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspensione1
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These insecticides did not affect the germination of soybean.”
e1“deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, spinosad 45 SC and fenvalerate 20 EC @ 4 ppm emulsion/suspension”
The same questions in other papers
deltamethrin · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
cypermethrin · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
spinosad · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →fenvalerate · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
deltamethrin · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cypermethrin · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
botanical · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →botanical · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
78 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
111 papers more in this group
See all 115 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.