Abstract
Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays. Zero- to 48-h-old juveniles, their initial food, and water supply were sprayed to runoff with a Potter tower; spinosad and wettable sulfur residues also were tested. Tests were standardized to deliver a pesticide dose comparable with commercial application of highest label rates at 1,000 liter/ha. Cumulative mortality was assessed 48 h, 4 d, and 7 d after spraying. Fecundity was assessed for 7 d from start of oviposition. No significant mortality or fecundity effects were detected for the following compounds at single-use application at 1,000 liter/ha: azoxystrobin, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki, captan, chlorothalonil, copper hydroxide, fenarimol, glyphosate, hexaconazole, indoxacarb, metalaxyl/copper hydroxide, myclobutanil, nonyl phenol ethylene oxide, phosphorous acid, potassium bicarbonate, pyraclostrobin, quinoxyfen, spiroxamine, synthetic latex, tebufenozide, triadimenol, and trifloxystrobin. Iprodione and penconazole had some detrimental effect on fecundity. Canola oil as acaricide (2 liter/100 liter) and wettable sulfur (200 g/100 liter) had some detrimental effect on survival and fecundity and cyprodinil/fludioxonil on survivor. The following compounds were highly toxic (high 48-h mortality): benomyl, carbendazim, emamectin benzoate, mancozeb, spinosad (direct overspray and residue), wettable sulfur (> or = 400 g/100 liter), and pyrimethanil; pyrimethanil had no significant effect on fecundity of surviving females. Indoxacarb safety to E. victoriensis contrasts with its toxicity to key parasitoids and chrysopid predators. Potential impact of findings is discussed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
No significant mortality or fecundity effect of azoxystrobin, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki, captan on Euseius victoriensis at 1,000 liter/ha.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- azoxystrobin, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki, captane1
- Interactor
- Euseius victoriensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortality or fecunditye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays”
e1“No significant mortality or fecundity effects were detected for the following compounds at single-use application at 1,000 liter/ha: azoxystrobin, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki, captan”
Claim · model-written summary
Iprodione and penconazole had a detrimental effect on fecundity of Euseius victoriensis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Iprodione and penconazolee1
- Interactor
- Euseius victoriensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fecunditye1
- Direction
- detrimental effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays”
e1“Iprodione and penconazole had some detrimental effect on fecundity”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola oil as acaricide had a detrimental effect on survival and fecundity of Euseius victoriensis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Canola oil as acaricide (2 liter/100 liter)e1
- Interactor
- Euseius victoriensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survival and fecunditye1
- Direction
- detrimental effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays”
e1“Canola oil as acaricide (2 liter/100 liter) and wettable sulfur (200 g/100 liter) had some detrimental effect on survival and fecundity and cyprodinil/fludioxonil on survivor”
Claim · model-written summary
Wettable sulfur at 200 g/100 liter had a detrimental effect on survival and fecundity of Euseius victoriensis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- wettable sulfur (200 g/100 liter)e1
- Interactor
- Euseius victoriensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survival and fecunditye1
- Direction
- detrimental effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays”
e1“Canola oil as acaricide (2 liter/100 liter) and wettable sulfur (200 g/100 liter) had some detrimental effect on survival and fecundity and cyprodinil/fludioxonil on survivor”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyprodinil/fludioxonil had a detrimental effect on survivors of Euseius victoriensis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- cyprodinil/fludioxonile1
- Interactor
- Euseius victoriensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survivore1
- Direction
- detrimental effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays”
e1“Canola oil as acaricide (2 liter/100 liter) and wettable sulfur (200 g/100 liter) had some detrimental effect on survival and fecundity and cyprodinil/fludioxonil on survivor”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl, carbendazim and emamectin benzoate were highly toxic to Euseius victoriensis (high 48-h mortality).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- benomyl, carbendazim, emamectin benzoatee1
- Interactor
- Euseius victoriensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- high 48-h mortalitye1
- Direction
- highly toxice1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays”
e1“The following compounds were highly toxic (high 48-h mortality): benomyl, carbendazim, emamectin benzoate”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb and spinosad were highly toxic to Euseius victoriensis (high 48-h mortality).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- mancozeb, spinosad (direct overspray and residue)e1
- Interactor
- Euseius victoriensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- high 48-h mortalitye1
- Direction
- highly toxice1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays”
e1“The following compounds were highly toxic (high 48-h mortality): benomyl, carbendazim, emamectin benzoate, mancozeb, spinosad (direct overspray and residue)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wettable sulfur (> or = 400 g/100 liter) and pyrimethanil were highly toxic to Euseius victoriensis (high 48-h mortality).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- wettable sulfur (> or = 400 g/100 liter), and pyrimethanile1
- Interactor
- Euseius victoriensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- high 48-h mortalitye1
- Direction
- highly toxice1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays”
e1“The following compounds were highly toxic (high 48-h mortality): benomyl, carbendazim, emamectin benzoate, mancozeb, spinosad (direct overspray and residue), wettable sulfur (> or = 400 g/100 liter), and pyrimethanil”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrimethanil had no significant effect on fecundity of surviving Euseius victoriensis females.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- pyrimethanile1
- Interactor
- Euseius victoriensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fecundity of surviving femalese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays”
e1“pyrimethanil had no significant effect on fecundity of surviving females”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb was safe to Euseius victoriensis, in contrast with its toxicity to key parasitoids and chrysopid predators.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- E. victoriensise1biocontrol_agent
- Compound
- Indoxacarbe1
- Outcome
- safety to E. victoriensise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays”
e1“Indoxacarb safety to E. victoriensis contrasts with its toxicity to key parasitoids and chrysopid predators”
The same questions in other papers
azoxystrobin · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
captan · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
benomyl · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Bacillus thuringiensis · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
carbendazim · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
sulfur atom · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
mancozeb · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
emamectin benzoate · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.