Abstract
Introducing autumn-sown legumes into Central European farming systems could be beneficial for addressing two challenges for European agriculture, i.e., the substantial deficit of protein sources for livestock and expected changes in agroclimatic conditions. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conucted under Pannonian climate conditions in eastern Austria to assess nitrogen (N) yield and N fixation of several winter faba bean varieties from different European countries as compared to a spring faba bean. Winter wheat was used as a reference crop for estimating atmospheric N fixation. Winter faba beans were susceptible to frost damage especially in the harder of the two winters. Winter faba bean varieties could not achieve a higher grain yield and a higher grain N yield than the spring faba bean but had a higher grain N concentration (except for one variety). Grain yield and grain N yield of faba beans were severely impaired by drought in one year (with a mean of varieties of 8.3 g N m−2, winter wheat: 6.4 g N m−2); in the other year, grain N yield of faba beans considerably surpassed that of winter wheat (with a mean of varieties of 21.5 g N m−2, winter wheat: 8.8 g N m−2). After harvest, faba beans left higher nitrate residues in the soil, especially in the subsoil, and higher amounts of N in above-ground residues compared to winter wheat. Faba beans showed high N fixation under optimum conditions (with a mean of varieties of 21.9 g N m−2) whereas drought considerably impaired N fixation (with a mean of varieties of 6.3 g N m−2; with no differences between autumn- and spring-sown faba beans). In conclusion, growing winter faba bean varieties in eastern Austria did not result in higher grain yield, grain N yield, and N fixation compared to growing a spring faba bean.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Winter faba bean varieties did not achieve a higher grain yield than the spring faba bean in eastern Austria.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae2 - Treatment
- Winter faba bean varietiese2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- could not achieve a highere2
- Comparator
- spring faba beane2
- Setting
- eastern Austriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a two-year field experiment was conucted under Pannonian climate conditions in eastern Austria to assess nitrogen (N) yield and N fixation of several winter faba bean varieties from different European countries as compared to a spring faba bean”
e2“Winter faba bean varieties could not achieve a higher grain yield and a higher grain N yield than the spring faba bean but had a higher grain N concentration (except for one variety)”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter faba bean varieties did not achieve a higher grain N yield than the spring faba bean in eastern Austria.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae2
- Treatment
- Winter faba bean varietiese2
- Outcome
- grain N yielde2
- Direction
- could not achieve a highere2
- Comparator
- spring faba beane2
- Setting
- eastern Austriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a two-year field experiment was conucted under Pannonian climate conditions in eastern Austria to assess nitrogen (N) yield and N fixation of several winter faba bean varieties from different European countries as compared to a spring faba bean”
e2“Winter faba bean varieties could not achieve a higher grain yield and a higher grain N yield than the spring faba bean but had a higher grain N concentration (except for one variety)”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter faba bean varieties had a higher grain N concentration than the spring faba bean, except for one variety.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae2
- Treatment
- Winter faba bean varietiese2
- Outcome
- grain N concentratione2
- Direction
- had a highere2
- Qualifier
- except for one varietye2
- Comparator
- spring faba beane2
- Setting
- eastern Austriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a two-year field experiment was conucted under Pannonian climate conditions in eastern Austria to assess nitrogen (N) yield and N fixation of several winter faba bean varieties from different European countries as compared to a spring faba bean”
e2“Winter faba bean varieties could not achieve a higher grain yield and a higher grain N yield than the spring faba bean but had a higher grain N concentration (except for one variety)”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter faba beans were susceptible to frost damage, especially in the harder of the two winters.
- Taxon
- faba beansVicia fabae1
- Outcome
- frost damagee1
- Qualifier
- especially in the harder of the two winterse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter faba beans were susceptible to frost damage especially in the harder of the two winters”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought in one year severely impaired grain N yield of faba beans, to a mean of 8.3 g N m−2 against 6.4 g N m−2 for winter wheat.
- Taxon
- faba beansVicia fabae3
- Treatment
- droughte3
- Outcome
- grain N yielde3
- Direction
- severely impairede3
- Value
- 8.3 g N m−2e3
- Qualifier
- winter wheat: 6.4 g N m−2e3
- Comparator
- winter wheate3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Grain yield and grain N yield of faba beans were severely impaired by drought in one year (with a mean of varieties of 8.3 g N m−2, winter wheat: 6.4 g N m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought in one year severely impaired grain yield of faba beans.
- Taxon
- faba beansVicia fabae3
- Treatment
- droughte3
- Outcome
- Grain yielde3
- Direction
- severely impairede3
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Grain yield and grain N yield of faba beans were severely impaired by drought in one year (with a mean of varieties of 8.3 g N m−2, winter wheat: 6.4 g N m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
In the other year, grain N yield of faba beans considerably surpassed that of winter wheat, 21.5 against 8.8 g N m−2.
- Taxon
- faba beansVicia fabae4
- Outcome
- grain N yielde4
- Direction
- considerably surpassede4
- Value
- 21.5 g N m−2e4
- Qualifier
- winter wheat: 8.8 g N m−2e4
- Comparator
- winter wheate4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“in the other year, grain N yield of faba beans considerably surpassed that of winter wheat (with a mean of varieties of 21.5 g N m−2, winter wheat: 8.8 g N m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba beans left higher nitrate residues in the soil than winter wheat, especially in the subsoil.
- Taxon
- faba beansVicia fabae5
- Outcome
- nitrate residues in the soile5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- especially in the subsoile5
- Comparator
- winter wheate5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“faba beans left higher nitrate residues in the soil, especially in the subsoil, and higher amounts of N in above-ground residues compared to winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba beans left higher amounts of N in above-ground residues than winter wheat.
- Taxon
- faba beansVicia fabae5
- Outcome
- amounts of N in above-ground residuese5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- winter wheate5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“faba beans left higher nitrate residues in the soil, especially in the subsoil, and higher amounts of N in above-ground residues compared to winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba beans showed high N fixation under optimum conditions, with a mean of 21.9 g N m−2.
- Taxon
- Faba beansVicia fabae6
- Outcome
- N fixatione6
- Direction
- highe6
- Value
- 21.9 g N m−2e6
- Qualifier
- under optimum conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Faba beans showed high N fixation under optimum conditions (with a mean of varieties of 21.9 g N m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought considerably impaired N fixation of faba beans, to a mean of 6.3 g N m−2.
- Taxon
- faba beansVicia fabae7
- Treatment
- droughte7
- Outcome
- N fixatione7
- Direction
- considerably impairede7
- Value
- 6.3 g N m−2e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“whereas drought considerably impaired N fixation (with a mean of varieties of 6.3 g N m−2; with no differences between autumn- and spring-sown faba beans)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, N fixation of autumn-sown and spring-sown faba beans showed no differences.
- Taxon
- faba beansVicia fabae7
- Treatment
- droughte7
- Outcome
- N fixatione7
- Direction
- no differencese7
- Qualifier
- autumn- and spring-sown faba beanse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“whereas drought considerably impaired N fixation (with a mean of varieties of 6.3 g N m−2; with no differences between autumn- and spring-sown faba beans)”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing winter faba bean varieties in eastern Austria did not give higher grain yield, grain N yield or N fixation than a spring faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae7
- Treatment
- growing winter faba bean varietiese7
- Outcome
- N fixatione7
- Direction
- did not result in highere7
- Comparator
- a spring faba beane7
- Setting
- eastern Austriae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“growing winter faba bean varieties in eastern Austria did not result in higher grain yield, grain N yield, and N fixation compared to growing a spring faba bean”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results differ
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 40 papers →drought · symbiosis · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.