Abstract
The efficacy of the novel potassium bicarbonate formulation Karma (Certis Europe) for controlling Penicillium decay of orange fruit was tested. In vitro trials were carried out by amending potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium with different Karma concentrations, thereby revealing a complete inhibition of Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, and P. ulaiense growth at 0.3, 0.3, and 0.2% (w/v), respectively. In vivo trials using dipping and spraying application strategies were conducted on Valencia late and Tarocco, two sweet orange cultivars with different degrees of susceptibility to Penicillium rot. Fruit treated with unformulated potassium bicarbonate (PB) or water served as controls. When applied by dipping, Karma and PB at 3% significantly reduced the incidence of Penicillium decay of cv. Valencia late oranges, i.e. by 79 and 31%, respectively. On the other hand, when applied by spraying, 6% Karma and PB were needed to completely inhibit decay incidence. On cv. Tarocco oranges, Karma and PB applied at 3% by dipping reduced the percentage of Penicillium decay, by a significant 87 and 68%, respectively. However, when applied by spraying at 6%, no difference was observed between the two treatments. Overall, Karma performed better than PB in controlling Penicillium rots and dipping proved to be the best application strategy.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.3%, Karma completely inhibited P. digitatum growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- ORANGESt0
- Treatment
- Karmae1
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum
Penicillium digitatume0pathogen - Outcome
- Penicillium digitatume0
- Direction
- complete inhibitione0
- Value
- 0.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a complete inhibition of Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, and P. ulaiense growth at 0.3, 0.3, and 0.2% (w/v), respectively.”
e1“different Karma concentrations”
t0“ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
Dipping Valencia late oranges in 3% Karma reduced Penicillium decay incidence by 79%.
- Taxon
- orangese0
- Material
- Valencia latee0
- Treatment
- Karmae0
- Interactor
- Penicillium
Penicilliume0pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of Penicillium decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 79e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied by dipping, Karma and PB at 3% significantly reduced the incidence of Penicillium decay of cv. Valencia late oranges, i.e. by 79 and 31%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dipping Valencia late oranges in 3% PB reduced Penicillium decay incidence by 31%.
- Taxon
- orangese0
- Material
- Valencia latee0
- Treatment
- PB at 3%e0
- Interactor
- PenicilliumPenicilliume0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of Penicillium decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied by dipping, Karma and PB at 3% significantly reduced the incidence of Penicillium decay of cv. Valencia late oranges, i.e. by 79 and 31%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying 6% Karma completely inhibited decay incidence.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“when applied by spraying, 6% Karma and PB were needed to completely inhibit decay incidence.”
t0“ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying 6% PB completely inhibited decay incidence.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“when applied by spraying, 6% Karma and PB were needed to completely inhibit decay incidence.”
t0“ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
Dipping Tarocco oranges in 3% Karma reduced decay by 87%.
- Taxon
- orangese0
- Material
- Taroccoe0
- Treatment
- Karmae0
- Interactor
- PenicilliumPenicilliume0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of Penicillium decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 87e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On cv. Tarocco oranges, Karma and PB applied at 3% by dipping reduced the percentage of Penicillium decay, by a significant 87 and 68%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dipping Tarocco oranges in 3% PB reduced decay by 68%.
- Taxon
- orangese0
- Material
- Taroccoe0
- Treatment
- PB applied at 3% by dippinge0
- Interactor
- PenicilliumPenicilliume0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of Penicillium decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On cv. Tarocco oranges, Karma and PB applied at 3% by dipping reduced the percentage of Penicillium decay, by a significant 87 and 68%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying Tarocco oranges at 6% showed no difference between Karma and PB.
Verbatim
e0“when applied by spraying at 6%, no difference was observed between the two treatments.”
e1“On cv. Tarocco oranges, Karma and PB applied at 3% by dipping”
t0“ORANGES”
The same questions in other papers
potassium hydrogencarbonate · disease · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · Penicillium · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.