Abstract
Carbonate and bicarbonate salts have been reported to be effective for green and blue mold control of citrus fruit. Evaluation of potassium bicarbonate (PBC) for the suppression of Penicillium digitatum mycelial growth and the control of green mold was conducted in vivo using both inoculated and naturally infected orange fruits and an aqueous packingline drip system. Test data showed that PBC actively suppressed the mycelial growth of P. digitatum in vitro with an ED[sub5][sub0] of 0.08%. Using both inoculated and naturally infected 'Navel' oranges, the concentration of PBC greatly affected the efficacy for green mold control and a rate of 3.4% was demonstrated to be the best concentration to reduce green mold incidence under the test conditions. Choosing 3.4% PBC in two additional tests using 'Valencia' or 'Pineapple' oranges, PBC significantly (P =0.05) reduced green mold incidence in two tests. However, in all tests PBC at 3.4% never significantly reduced stem-end rot caused mainly by Diplodia natalensis. PBC at 3.4% achieved a similar efficacy as imazalil at 0.1% for green mold control in all 4 tests, and it also performed similarly to thiabendazole (TBZ) at 0.1% for green mold control in three tests in which TBZ was used as a standard fungicide. When PBC was compared to sodium bicarbonate (SBC) for decay control, PBC and SBC at the same concentration of 3.4% performed similarly, both effectively controlled green mold, but not stemend rot. No fruit damage was observed in any test. The information of this study suggests that bicarbonate salts such as PBC and SBC could be alternative chemicals for citrus green mold control under the current packing system in Florida.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium bicarbonate suppressed mycelial growth of Penicillium digitatum in vitro with an ED50 of 0.08%.
- Treatment
- PBCe0
- Interactor
- P. digitatum
Penicillium digitatume0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 0.08%e0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBC actively suppressed the mycelial growth of P. digitatum in vitro with an ED[sub5][sub0] of 0.08%”
Claim · model-written summary
On inoculated and naturally infected 'Navel' oranges, the concentration of potassium bicarbonate greatly affected its efficacy for green mold control.
- Taxon
- orangese0
- Material
- 'Navel'e0
- Treatment
- concentration of PBCe0
- Outcome
- efficacy for green mold controle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Using both inoculated and naturally infected 'Navel' oranges, the concentration of PBC greatly affected the efficacy for green mold control”
Claim · model-written summary
A rate of 3.4% potassium bicarbonate was the best concentration for reducing green mold incidence on 'Navel' oranges under the test conditions.
- Taxon
- orangese1
- Material
- 'Navel'e1
- Treatment
- a rate of 3.4%e0
- Outcome
- green mold incidencee0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- best concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“a rate of 3.4% was demonstrated to be the best concentration to reduce green mold incidence”
e1“'Navel' oranges”
Claim · model-written summary
At 3.4%, potassium bicarbonate significantly (P = 0.05) reduced green mold incidence on 'Valencia' or 'Pineapple' oranges in two additional tests.
- Taxon
- orangese0
- Material
- 'Valencia' or 'Pineapple'e0
- Treatment
- 3.4% PBCe0
- Outcome
- green mold incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Choosing 3.4% PBC in two additional tests using 'Valencia' or 'Pineapple' oranges, PBC significantly (P =0.05) reduced green mold incidence in two tests”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium bicarbonate at 3.4% never significantly reduced stem-end rot, caused mainly by Diplodia natalensis, in any test.
- Taxon
- orange fruitse1
- Treatment
- PBC at 3.4%e0
- Interactor
- Diplodia natalensis
_Lasiodiplodia_theobromae_sporulating_in_fruit_lesion.jpg?width=60)
Diplodia natalensise0pathogen - Outcome
- stem-end rote0
- Direction
- never significantly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Lasiodiplodia_theobromae_sporulating_in_fruit_lesion.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“in all tests PBC at 3.4% never significantly reduced stem-end rot caused mainly by Diplodia natalensis”
e1“inoculated and naturally infected orange fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium bicarbonate at 3.4% achieved efficacy similar to imazalil at 0.1% for green mold control in all four tests.
Verbatim
e0“PBC at 3.4% achieved a similar efficacy as imazalil at 0.1% for green mold control in all 4 tests”
e1“inoculated and naturally infected orange fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium bicarbonate at 3.4% performed similarly to thiabendazole at 0.1%, used as a standard fungicide, for green mold control in three tests.
Verbatim
e0“PBC at 3.4% achieved a similar efficacy as imazalil at 0.1% for green mold control in all 4 tests, and it also performed similarly to thiabendazole (TBZ) at 0.1% for green mold control in three tests”
e1“inoculated and naturally infected orange fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate at the same concentration of 3.4% performed similarly for decay control.
Verbatim
e0“When PBC was compared to sodium bicarbonate (SBC) for decay control, PBC and SBC at the same concentration of 3.4% performed similarly”
e1“inoculated and naturally infected orange fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Both potassium and sodium bicarbonate at 3.4% effectively controlled green mold.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“PBC and SBC at the same concentration of 3.4% performed similarly, both effectively controlled green mold”
e1“inoculated and naturally infected orange fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither potassium nor sodium bicarbonate at 3.4% effectively controlled stem-end rot.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“PBC and SBC at the same concentration of 3.4% performed similarly, both effectively controlled green mold, but not stemend rot”
e1“inoculated and naturally infected orange fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
No fruit damage was observed in any test.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“No fruit damage was observed in any test”
The same questions in other papers
sodium hydrogencarbonate · disease · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →potassium hydrogencarbonate · disease · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.