Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) is a serious threat for agricultural production. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains CM-2 and T-5 antagonistic to RS were used to create bioorganic fertilisers to control tomato wilt under greenhouse conditions. The possible mechanism of resistance inducement by the antagonistic bacteria was also evaluated. RESULTS: The application of bioorganic fertilisers significantly reduced incidences of tomato wilt (by 63-74%), promoted plant growth and significantly reduced the RS populations in rhizosphere compared with the control. Both strains CM-2 and T-5 applied with bioorganic fertilisers survived well in the tomato rhizosphere. Tomato seedlings treated with cell suspension of T-5 followed by challenge inoculation with RS increased the activities of polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase compared with the untreated control. Furthermore, the expressions of the marker genes responsible for synthesis of phytohormones salicylic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid in seedlings treated with T-5 in response to inoculated pathogen were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that strains CM-2 and T-5 containing bioorganic fertilisers effectively control tomato wilt. Increased enzyme activities and expression of defence genes in plants indicated that the antagonistic bacteria induced plant resistance, which was the potential biocontrol mechanism of tomato wilt.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Bioorganic fertilisers with Bacillus strains significantly reduced tomato wilt incidence by 63-74%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume3 - Treatment
- application of bioorganic fertiliserse3
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume1pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains CM-2 and T-5
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciense2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- incidences of tomato wilte3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 63-74%e3
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
e1“Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (RS)”
e2“Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains CM-2 and T-5 antagonistic to RS were used to create bioorganic fertilisers to control tomato wilt under greenhouse conditions”
e3“The application of bioorganic fertilisers significantly reduced incidences of tomato wilt (by 63-74%)”
e4“promoted plant growth and significantly reduced the RS populations in rhizosphere compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioorganic fertilisers significantly reduced Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) populations in the tomato rhizosphere compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- application of bioorganic fertiliserse3
- Interactor
- RSe4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains CM-2 and T-5Bacillus amyloliquefaciense2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- RS populations in rhizospheree4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains CM-2 and T-5 antagonistic to RS were used to create bioorganic fertilisers to control tomato wilt under greenhouse conditions”
e3“The application of bioorganic fertilisers significantly reduced incidences of tomato wilt (by 63-74%)”
e4“promoted plant growth and significantly reduced the RS populations in rhizosphere compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioorganic fertilisers promoted tomato plant growth compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- application of bioorganic fertiliserse3
- Outcome
- plant growthe4
- Direction
- promotede4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The application of bioorganic fertilisers significantly reduced incidences of tomato wilt (by 63-74%)”
e4“promoted plant growth and significantly reduced the RS populations in rhizosphere compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Both Bacillus strains CM-2 and T-5 applied with bioorganic fertilisers survived well in the tomato rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Interactor
- strains CM-2 and T-5e5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survived welle5
- Setting
- tomato rhizospheree5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Both strains CM-2 and T-5 applied with bioorganic fertilisers survived well in the tomato rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 treated tomato seedlings had higher polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities than untreated controls after RS challenge.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse6
- Treatment
- cell suspension of T-5e6
- Interactor
- RSe6pathogen
- Second interactor
- T-5e6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activities of polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidasee6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- untreated controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Tomato seedlings treated with cell suspension of T-5 followed by challenge inoculation with RS increased the activities of polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase compared with the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of marker genes for salicylic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid synthesis was significantly higher in T-5 treated tomato seedlings responding to the pathogen.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- seedlings treated with T-5e7
- Interactor
- RSe6pathogen
- Compound
- salicylic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acide7
- Outcome
- expressions of the marker genese7
- Direction
- significantly highere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Tomato seedlings treated with cell suspension of T-5 followed by challenge inoculation with RS increased the activities of polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase compared with the untreated control”
e7“the expressions of the marker genes responsible for synthesis of phytohormones salicylic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid in seedlings treated with T-5 in response to inoculated pathogen were significantly higher”
Claim · model-written summary
The antagonistic bacteria are interpreted as inducing plant resistance to tomato wilt through enzyme activity and defence gene expression.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Interactor
- antagonistic bacteriae7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant resistancee7
- Qualifier
- Increased enzyme activities and expression of defence genese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Tomato seedlings treated with cell suspension of T-5 followed by challenge inoculation with RS increased the activities of polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase compared with the untreated control”
e7“Increased enzyme activities and expression of defence genes in plants indicated that the antagonistic bacteria induced plant resistance”
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See all 668 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.