Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the rainy season of 2011 and 2012 in Vertisols at Dharwad, Karnataka, to develop integrated weed management for hybrid sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with pre- emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha, post-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.75 kg/ha, 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg/ha, metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g and 6 g/ha, intercultivation and hand-weeding. The maximum average grain yield (4.42 t/ha) was recorded with pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha, followed by post-emer- gence application of 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha at 20 days after sowing and interculturing at 30 days after sowing, which was at par with weed free treatment and increased the yield by 39.8% over weedy check and 6.5% over farmers practice. The higher grain yield may be owing to significantly lower weed dry weight, higher weed-control effi- ciency and higher nutrient uptake by sorghum which reflected in higher values of grain weight/ear, ear length and 1,000-grain weight. In weedy check, weeds removed 20.5 kg N/ha, 14.9 kg P/ha and 22.3 kg K/ha, being higher than rest of the weed-management practices. Maximum net returns ( 29,530/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.43) were realized with atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha (PE), followed by 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha (PoE) at 20 days after sowing and intercultivation at 30 days after sowing.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The specified atrazine, 2,4-D and intercultivation sequence gave maximum grain yield of 4.42 t/ha.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha, followed by post-emer- gence application of 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha at 20 days after sowing and interculturing at 30 days after sowinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.42 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum average grain yield (4.42 t/ha) was recorded with pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha, followed by post-emer- gence application of 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha at 20 days after sowing and interculturing at 30 days after sowing”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum-yield sequence was at par with weed-free treatment.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- at pare0
- Comparator
- weed free treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was at par with weed free treatment”
e1“The maximum average grain yield (4.42 t/ha) was recorded with pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha, followed by post-emer- gence application of 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha at 20 days after sowing and interculturing at 30 days after sowing”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum-yield treatment increased yield by 39.8% over the weedy check.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39.8%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the yield by 39.8% over weedy check”
e1“pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum-yield treatment increased yield by 6.5% over farmer practice.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.5%e0
- Comparator
- farmers practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the yield by 39.8% over weedy check and 6.5% over farmers practice”
e1“pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher grain yield was attributed to lower weed dry weight.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- significantly lower weed dry weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher grain yield may be owing to significantly lower weed dry weight”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher grain yield was attributed to higher weed-control efficiency.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- higher weed-control effi- ciencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher grain yield may be owing to significantly lower weed dry weight, higher weed-control effi- ciency”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher grain yield was attributed to higher sorghum nutrient uptake.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher grain yield may be owing to significantly lower weed dry weight, higher weed-control effi- ciency and higher nutrient uptake by sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher yield was reflected in higher grain weight per ear, ear length and 1,000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- grain weight/ear, ear length and 1,000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher values of grain weight/ear, ear length and 1,000-grain weight”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds removed 20.5 kg N/ha under the weedy check, more than under other practices.
Verbatim
e0“In weedy check, weeds removed 20.5 kg N/ha, 14.9 kg P/ha and 22.3 kg K/ha, being higher than rest of the weed-management practices”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds removed 14.9 kg P/ha under the weedy check, more than under other practices.
Verbatim
e0“In weedy check, weeds removed 20.5 kg N/ha, 14.9 kg P/ha and 22.3 kg K/ha, being higher than rest of the weed-management practices”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds removed 22.3 kg K/ha under the weedy check, more than under other practices.
Verbatim
e0“In weedy check, weeds removed 20.5 kg N/ha, 14.9 kg P/ha and 22.3 kg K/ha, being higher than rest of the weed-management practices”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
The specified sequence gave maximum net returns of 29,530/ha.
- Treatment
- atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha (PE), followed by 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha (PoE) at 20 days after sowing and intercultivation at 30 days after sowinge0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 29,530/hae0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Maximum net returns ( 29,530/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.43) were realized with atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha (PE), followed by 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha (PoE) at 20 days after sowing and intercultivation at 30 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
The specified sequence gave a benefit to cost ratio of 2.43.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Maximum net returns ( 29,530/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.43) were realized with atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha (PE), followed by 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha (PoE) at 20 days after sowing and intercultivation at 30 days after sowing”
The same questions in other papers
atrazine · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
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See all 25 papers →2,4-D · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 9 papers →herbicide · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results differ
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.