Abstract
To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes, transaminase activities and AA levels in grains during GF stage and the traits that significantly affected rice quality (physical appearance, cooking quality, and nutritional value) were analyzed. LL did not disturb transamination in rice grains during GF stage, as minimal impact was found on alanine and aspartate transaminase activities. Nevertheless, most AAs in caryopses, including lysine and threonine, increased in response to LL, except for sulfur-containing AAs. These results suggest that AA metabolism and accumulation in rice grains were rarely suppressed by LL during GF stage. Rice nutritional ingredients at harvest, such as major protein components including glutelin and most important essential amino acids (EAAs) including lysine and threonine, increased significantly in response to LL, whereas most protein and EAA ratios were rarely affected. However, LL markedly affected physical appearance of rice grains by reducing brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and 1000-grain weight and increasing the chalkiness rate. In addition, cooking qualities decreased in response to LL, while breakdown values and amylose levels decreased and setback values increased. We concluded that LL during GF stage decreased the cooking quality of rice, but could potentially improve the nutritional value of rice.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Low light did not change alanine and aspartate transaminase activities in rice grains during grain filling.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- three different rice genotypese0
- Organ / stage
- rice grains during GF stagee1
- Treatment
- low lighte0
- Outcome
- alanine and aspartate transaminase activitiese1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes”
e1“LL did not disturb transamination in rice grains during GF stage, as minimal impact was found on alanine and aspartate transaminase activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light increased most amino acids in caryopses, including lysine and threonine, except sulfur-containing amino acids.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- three different rice genotypese0
- Organ / stage
- caryopsese2
- Treatment
- low lighte0
- Outcome
- most AAs in caryopsese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- except for sulfur-containing AAse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes”
e2“Nevertheless, most AAs in caryopses, including lysine and threonine, increased in response to LL, except for sulfur-containing AAs”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light significantly increased glutelin and essential amino acids (EAAs) in rice at harvest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- three different rice genotypese0
- Organ / stage
- at harveste3
- Treatment
- low lighte0
- Outcome
- glutelin and most important essential amino acids (EAAs)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes”
e3“Rice nutritional ingredients at harvest, such as major protein components including glutelin and most important essential amino acids (EAAs) including lysine and threonine, increased significantly in response to LL, whereas most protein and EAA ratios were rarely affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light rarely affected most protein and EAA ratios in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- three different rice genotypese0
- Treatment
- low lighte0
- Outcome
- most protein and EAA ratiose3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes”
e3“Rice nutritional ingredients at harvest, such as major protein components including glutelin and most important essential amino acids (EAAs) including lysine and threonine, increased significantly in response to LL, whereas most protein and EAA ratios were rarely affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light reduced brown rice rate, milled rice rate and 1000-grain weight of rice grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- three different rice genotypese0
- Organ / stage
- rice grainse4
- Treatment
- low lighte0
- Outcome
- brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and 1000-grain weighte4
- Direction
- reducinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes”
e4“LL markedly affected physical appearance of rice grains by reducing brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and 1000-grain weight and increasing the chalkiness rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light increased the chalkiness rate of rice grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- three different rice genotypese0
- Organ / stage
- rice grainse4
- Treatment
- low lighte0
- Outcome
- chalkiness ratee4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes”
e4“LL markedly affected physical appearance of rice grains by reducing brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and 1000-grain weight and increasing the chalkiness rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light decreased cooking quality of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- three different rice genotypese0
- Treatment
- low lighte0
- Outcome
- cooking qualitiese5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes”
e5“In addition, cooking qualities decreased in response to LL, while breakdown values and amylose levels decreased and setback values increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light decreased breakdown values and amylose levels of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- three different rice genotypese0
- Treatment
- low lighte0
- Outcome
- breakdown values and amylose levelse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes”
e5“In addition, cooking qualities decreased in response to LL, while breakdown values and amylose levels decreased and setback values increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light increased setback values of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- three different rice genotypese0
- Treatment
- low lighte0
- Outcome
- setback valuese5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes”
e5“In addition, cooking qualities decreased in response to LL, while breakdown values and amylose levels decreased and setback values increased”
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