Abstract
1. Leaves of sugar-beet (Beta saccharifera), which had assimilated active carbon dioxide C14O2, were subjected to the process of humification in soil. After three to five months of humification the dried soil was extracted with ether-alcohol, then with sodium or potassium hydroxide; the humic acids were separated from fulvic acids with hydrochloric acid. All fractions were radioactive. 2. Maize plants (Zea mays) grown in diluted Knop's solution with the addition of active humic acid showed radioactivity in the roots and leaves. There was, however, a marked difference between the roots and the leaves. While the activity of the roots after two to twelve days was about 100 to 200 cpm., that of the leaves was about 20 cpm. as calculated for one plant, or about 300 cpm./10 g. for roots and at the limits of measurement for leaves. 3. When a drop of solution and suspension of active humic acid was placed on the lower surface of the first leaf, it spread very little even in this leaf; the activity of the second and third leaves was at the limits of measurement after five days; the same applies to the roots. 4. Autoradiograms were fully in keeping with the results obtained with the counter. Roots were clearly marked and more or less intensely, while the leaves did not appear or appeared only as faint shadows. 5. These experiments do not resolve the question of whether unchanged humic acid penetrates into the cells. It can only be concluded, on the basis of these experiments, that if radioactive humic acid is added to water or to nutrient solution, radioactivity appears in the roots and later weakly in the leaves. If it is assumed that the activity measured in the plant organs was caused by humic acid applied direct, this means that it penetrates into the plant slowly, it is not accumulated and spreads throughout the plant slowly from the roots.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All humification fractions of labeled sugar-beet leaves were radioactive.
- Taxon
- sugar-beet (Beta saccharifera)
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Organ / stage
- Leavese0
- Outcome
- All fractions were radioactivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves of sugar-beet (Beta saccharifera), which had assimilated active carbon dioxide C14O2, were subjected to the process of humification in soil. After three to five months of humification the dried soil was extracted with ether-alcohol, then with sodium or potassium hydroxide; the humic acids were separated from fulvic acids with hydrochloric acid. All fractions were radioactive”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid supplied in nutrient solution yielded more root than leaf radioactivity.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- addition of active humic acide0
- Outcome
- activity of the rootse0
- Direction
- marked differencee0
- Value
- 100 to 200 cpm.e0
- Comparator
- leavese0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize plants (Zea mays) grown in diluted Knop's solution with the addition of active humic acid showed radioactivity in the roots and leaves. There was, however, a marked difference between the roots and the leaves. While the activity of the roots after two to twelve days was about 100 to 200 cpm., that of the leaves was about 20 cpm.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf radioactivity was about 20 cpm after root exposure to humic acid.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“that of the leaves was about 20 cpm. as calculated for one plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar applied humic acid spread very little in the first leaf.
- Organ / stage
- first leafe0
- Treatment
- a drop of solution and suspension of active humic acide0
- Outcome
- spreade0
- Direction
- very littlee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“When a drop of solution and suspension of active humic acid was placed on the lower surface of the first leaf, it spread very little even in this leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
After foliar application, activity in second and third leaves and roots was at the measurement limit.
- Organ / stage
- second and third leavese0
- Outcome
- activity of the second and third leavese0
- Qualifier
- at the limits of measurement after five dayse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the activity of the second and third leaves was at the limits of measurement after five days; the same applies to the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoradiograms agreed with counter results.
Verbatim
e0“Autoradiograms were fully in keeping with the results obtained with the counter”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoradiograms showed strong root marks and faint or absent leaf marks.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Roots were clearly marked and more or less intensely, while the leaves did not appear or appeared only as faint shadows”
Claim · model-written summary
Radioactivity appeared in roots and later weakly in leaves after humic acid addition.
- Treatment
- radioactive humic acide0
- Outcome
- radioactivity appears in the roots and later weakly in the leavese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“if radioactive humic acid is added to water or to nutrient solution, radioactivity appears in the roots and later weakly in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow penetration and movement without accumulation were conditional interpretations.
- Outcome
- penetrates into the plant slowlye0
- Qualifier
- If it is assumed that the activity measured in the plant organs was caused by humic acid applied directe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“If it is assumed that the activity measured in the plant organs was caused by humic acid applied direct, this means that it penetrates into the plant slowly, it is not accumulated and spreads throughout the plant slowly from the roots”