Abstract
Pongamia, a multipurpose leguminous tree containing non-edible oil, grows widely in India. Oil extracted from the seeds of Pongamia is used as energy source as well as in tanneries while the cake (a byproduct after extracting oil) was found to be rich in all plant nutrients in general and nitrogen (4.28%) and sulfur (0.19%) in particular. Both nitrogen and sulfur were found to be deficient in 100 and 80%, respectively, in soil samples from farmers' fields in Powerguda village of Adilabad district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Use of Pongamia seed cake as a source of plant nutrients for maize, soyabean and cotton was found beneficial in participatory research and development trials on farmers' fields. Further, application of critically deficient micronutrients such as zinc and boron and secondary nutrient sulfur increased crop yields by 16.7 and 19% in soyabean and cotton, respectively. In addition, B:C ratios of 5.03, 1.81 and 2.04 were obtained for soyabean, maize and cotton, respectively, with use of cake as a source of N, however it needed higher initial investment.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Pongamia seed cake contained nitrogen at 4.28%.
PongamiaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pongamia seed cake”
e1“nitrogen (4.28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pongamia seed cake contained sulfur at 0.19%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pongamia seed cake”
e1“sulfur (0.19%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Farm soil samples were nitrogen deficient in all cases.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Both nitrogen and sulfur were found to be deficient in 100 and 80%, respectively, in soil samples from farmers' fields in Powerguda village of Adilabad district, Andhra Pradesh, India”
Claim · model-written summary
Farm soil samples were sulfur deficient in 80% of cases.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Both nitrogen and sulfur were found to be deficient in 100 and 80%, respectively, in soil samples from farmers' fields in Powerguda village of Adilabad district, Andhra Pradesh, India”
Claim · model-written summary
Pongamia cake benefited maize in farmer field trials.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of Pongamia seed cake as a source of plant nutrients for maize, soyabean and cotton was found beneficial in participatory research and development trials on farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Pongamia cake benefited soyabean in farmer field trials.
- Taxon
- soyabeane0
- Treatment
- Pongamia seed cakee0
- Outcome
- beneficiale0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
- Setting
- farmers' fieldse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Use of Pongamia seed cake as a source of plant nutrients for maize, soyabean and cotton was found beneficial in participatory research and development trials on farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Pongamia cake benefited cotton in farmer field trials.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Pongamia seed cakee0
- Outcome
- beneficiale0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
- Setting
- farmers' fieldse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of Pongamia seed cake as a source of plant nutrients for maize, soyabean and cotton was found beneficial in participatory research and development trials on farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient and sulfur applications increased soyabean yield by 16.7%.
- Taxon
- soyabeane0
- Treatment
- zinc and boron and secondary nutrient sulfure0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“application of critically deficient micronutrients such as zinc and boron and secondary nutrient sulfur increased crop yields by 16.7 and 19% in soyabean and cotton, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient and sulfur applications increased cotton yield by 19%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- zinc and boron and secondary nutrient sulfure0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of critically deficient micronutrients such as zinc and boron and secondary nutrient sulfur increased crop yields by 16.7 and 19% in soyabean and cotton, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit cost ratio for soyabean using cake as nitrogen was 5.03.
Verbatim
e0“B:C ratios of 5.03, 1.81 and 2.04 were obtained for soyabean, maize and cotton, respectively, with use of cake as a source of N”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit cost ratio for maize using cake as nitrogen was 1.81.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B:C ratios of 5.03, 1.81 and 2.04 were obtained for soyabean, maize and cotton, respectively, with use of cake as a source of N”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit cost ratio for cotton using cake as nitrogen was 2.04.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cake as a source of Ne0
- Outcome
- B:C ratiose0
- Value
- 2.04e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B:C ratios of 5.03, 1.81 and 2.04 were obtained for soyabean, maize and cotton, respectively, with use of cake as a source of N”
Claim · model-written summary
Using seed cake required higher initial investment.
Verbatim
e0“however it needed higher initial investment”
e1“maize, soyabean and cotton”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →boron atom · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →zinc atom · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.