Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum Schlectend causes root and crown rot in several crops including sorghum that result in low grain yield. All antagonists showed inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum and the maximum inhibition was recorded when Bacillus subtilis as biocontrol agent (67.7%). The in vitro root colonization study demonstrated that after four days of germination, the cell counts obtained from the roots have increased and the maximum count is achieved by B. subtilis (16.9x105 cfu/cm root). The greenhouse pot experiment demonstrated that T. viride and B. subtilis resulted in more than 80% suppression of root rot. The reduction in fresh weight of roots amounted to 93.6% in the control treatment inoculated with F. oxysporum alone, whereas 71.1% reduction in fresh root weight was recorded for the treatments inoculated with both the pathogen and B. subtilis; 66.8% reduction in fresh root weight was recorded for the treatments inoculated with both the pathogen and T. harzianum. Root dry weight of the control treatment inoculated with only F. oxysporum decreased by 94.5% in relation to the non-inoculated control. Among the potential biological control agents in this study, B. cereus resulted in 42.3 reduction in root dry weight compared to the 94.5% reduction recorded for the control inoculated with F. oxysporum alone. 100% of the roots from the control treatment (F. oxysporum only) rendered growth of F. oxysporum compared to an incidence ranging from 20 to 55% for plants treated with B. subtilis, B. lecheniformis, B. cereus, T. harzianum and T. viride. Both chlorophyll fractions increased when treated with antagonist and the maximum enhancement was recorded when Bacillus subtilis used as antagonist compared with that of control. The maximum values of the carbohydrate components were recorded when Bacillus subtilis used as antagonist relative to those of control.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonists inhibited F. oxysporum mycelial growth.
- Treatment
- All antagonistse0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growth of F. oxysporume0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“All antagonists showed inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis produced maximum inhibition of F. oxysporum mycelial growth at 67.7%.
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilise0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- maximum inhibitione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 67.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum inhibition was recorded when Bacillus subtilis as biocontrol agent (67.7%)”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis reached the highest root count, 16.9x105 cfu/cm root.
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- maximum counte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 16.9x105 cfu/cm roote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum count is achieved by B. subtilis (16.9x105 cfu/cm root)”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride suppressed root rot by more than 80%.
- Treatment
- T. viridee0
- Interactor
- T. viridee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root rote0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Value
- more than 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. viride and B. subtilis resulted in more than 80% suppression of root rot”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis suppressed root rot by more than 80%.
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root rote0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Value
- more than 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. viride and B. subtilis resulted in more than 80% suppression of root rot”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum alone reduced fresh root weight by 93.6%.
- Treatment
- inoculated with F. oxysporum alonee0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- fresh weight of rootse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 93.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction in fresh weight of roots amounted to 93.6% in the control treatment inoculated with F. oxysporum alone”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum with B. subtilis reduced fresh root weight by 71.1%.
- Treatment
- inoculated with both the pathogen and B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fresh root weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 71.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“71.1% reduction in fresh root weight was recorded for the treatments inoculated with both the pathogen and B. subtilis”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum with T. harzianum reduced fresh root weight by 66.8%.
- Treatment
- inoculated with both the pathogen and T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fresh root weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 66.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“66.8% reduction in fresh root weight was recorded for the treatments inoculated with both the pathogen and T. harzianum”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum alone reduced root dry weight by 94.5% versus non-inoculated plants.
- Treatment
- inoculated with only F. oxysporume0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Root dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 94.5%e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root dry weight of the control treatment inoculated with only F. oxysporum decreased by 94.5% in relation to the non-inoculated control.”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
B. cereus resulted in 42.3 reduction in root dry weight, compared with 94.5% under F. oxysporum alone.
- Treatment
- B. cereuse0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. cereus
Bacillus cereuse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 42.3e0
- Qualifier
- 94.5%e0
- Comparator
- control inoculated with F. oxysporum alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. cereus resulted in 42.3 reduction in root dry weight compared to the 94.5% reduction recorded for the control inoculated with F. oxysporum alone”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum grew from 100% of roots under pathogen-only control.
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of F. oxysporume0
- Value
- 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% of the roots from the control treatment (F. oxysporum only) rendered growth of F. oxysporum”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots treated with the five antagonists had 20 to 55% F. oxysporum incidence.
- Treatment
- treated with B. subtilis, B. lecheniformis, B. cereus, T. harzianum and T. viridee0
- Outcome
- incidencee0
- Value
- 20 to 55%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an incidence ranging from 20 to 55% for plants treated with B. subtilis, B. lecheniformis, B. cereus, T. harzianum and T. viride”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonist treatment increased both chlorophyll fractions.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both chlorophyll fractions increased when treated with antagonist”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis gave the maximum chlorophyll enhancement versus control.
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilise0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- maximum enhancemente0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum enhancement was recorded when Bacillus subtilis used as antagonist compared with that of control”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis gave maximum carbohydrate components versus control.
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilise0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- carbohydrate componentse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum values of the carbohydrate components were recorded when Bacillus subtilis used as antagonist relative to those of control.”
t0“Sorghum”
The same questions in other papers
Fusarium oxysporum · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Bacillus subtilis · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
inoculation · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 65 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
72 papers more in this group
See all 76 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.