Abstract
Sorghum, a vital cereal crop with significant importance in traditional human health systems, faces severe challenges from biotic stresses. This study aimed to assess the morpho-physiological variations and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-induced defense mechanisms in sorghum against Burkholderia sp. infection, a well-known cause of bacterial leaf stripe disease. Also, the alterations in the leaf protein band profile of sorghum exposed to Burkholderia infection were assessed via 2-D gel electrophoresis wherein the disappearance of protein bands in diseased leaf tissues was recorded. The selected PGPR, A. chroococcum Beijerinck 1901 (MCC 2351), B. megaterium (MCC 2336), and P. fluorescens (NAIMCC B-00340), secreted hydrogen cyanide and ammonia, and produced lytic enzymes, cellulase and amylase. When tested in-planta, Burkholderia sp., applied as a foliar spray, more profoundly impacted the growth as compared to seed coat application, resulting in significant reductions in root dry biomass, whole plant length, and total chlorophyll content by 93.9, 73.4 and 53.8%, respectively, compared to disease-free control. Visible symptoms of bacterial leaf stripe disease like brown discoloration and necrotic lesions were observed in infected sorghum plants. Furthermore, the level of phytochemicals, proline, and malondialdehyde and antioxidants, CAT and SOD, in foliage declined significantly by 46.4, 70.2, 20.7, and 16.9%, respectively, following inoculation with Bacillus applied as a seed coat. Additionally, Burkholderia-infected plants exhibited cellular damage, mainly in leaf tissues, as revealed by SEM and CLSM. Interestingly, the PGPR inoculation substantially enhanced the measured growth parameters of sorghum while reducing the levels of phytochemicals and antioxidants. These findings suggest that A. chroococcum, B. megaterium, and P. fluorescens, possessing biocontrol activity, can be employed as a profitable, environment and pocket-friendly approach for managing plant diseases and promoting the production of sorghum under biotic stress, thereby sufficing the human food demands.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Burkholderia infection was associated with disappearance of protein bands in diseased sorghum leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese0
- Interactor
- Burkholderia
Burkholderiae1pathogen - Outcome
- disappearance of protein bandse0
SorghumNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the disappearance of protein bands in diseased leaf tissues was recorded”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
e1“Burkholderia sp. infection”
Claim · model-written summary
The selected rhizobacteria secreted hydrogen cyanide and ammonia and produced cellulase and amylase.
- Interactor
- A. chroococcum Beijerinck 1901 (MCC 2351)e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- secreted hydrogen cyanide and ammoniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The selected PGPR, A. chroococcum Beijerinck 1901 (MCC 2351), B. megaterium (MCC 2336), and P. fluorescens (NAIMCC B-00340), secreted hydrogen cyanide and ammonia, and produced lytic enzymes, cellulase and amylase.”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Burkholderia application reduced sorghum root dry biomass by 93.9% compared with disease-free control.
- Treatment
- Burkholderia sp., applied as a foliar spraye0
- Interactor
- Burkholderia sp.Burkholderiae0pathogen
- Outcome
- root dry biomasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 93.9e0
- Comparator
- disease-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Burkholderia sp., applied as a foliar spray, more profoundly impacted the growth as compared to seed coat application, resulting in significant reductions in root dry biomass, whole plant length, and total chlorophyll content by 93.9, 73.4 and 53.8%, respectively, compared to disease-free control.”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Burkholderia application reduced sorghum whole plant length by 73.4% compared with disease-free control.
- Treatment
- Burkholderia sp., applied as a foliar spraye0
- Interactor
- Burkholderia sp.Burkholderiae0pathogen
- Outcome
- whole plant lengthe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 73.4e0
- Comparator
- disease-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Burkholderia sp., applied as a foliar spray, more profoundly impacted the growth as compared to seed coat application, resulting in significant reductions in root dry biomass, whole plant length, and total chlorophyll content by 93.9, 73.4 and 53.8%, respectively, compared to disease-free control.”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Burkholderia application reduced sorghum total chlorophyll content by 53.8% compared with disease-free control.
- Treatment
- Burkholderia sp., applied as a foliar spraye0
- Interactor
- Burkholderia sp.Burkholderiae0pathogen
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 53.8%e0
- Comparator
- disease-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Burkholderia sp., applied as a foliar spray, more profoundly impacted the growth as compared to seed coat application, resulting in significant reductions in root dry biomass, whole plant length, and total chlorophyll content by 93.9, 73.4 and 53.8%, respectively, compared to disease-free control.”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected sorghum plants showed brown discoloration and necrotic lesions.
- Outcome
- brown discoloration and necrotic lesionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visible symptoms of bacterial leaf stripe disease like brown discoloration and necrotic lesions were observed in infected sorghum plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus seed-coat inoculation significantly reduced foliage proline by 46.4%.
- Organ / stage
- foliagee0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Bacillus applied as a seed coate0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 46.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the level of phytochemicals, proline, and malondialdehyde and antioxidants, CAT and SOD, in foliage declined significantly by 46.4, 70.2, 20.7, and 16.9%, respectively, following inoculation with Bacillus applied as a seed coat.”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus seed-coat inoculation significantly reduced foliage malondialdehyde by 70.2%.
- Treatment
- inoculation with Bacillus applied as a seed coate0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 70.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the level of phytochemicals, proline, and malondialdehyde and antioxidants, CAT and SOD, in foliage declined significantly by 46.4, 70.2, 20.7, and 16.9%, respectively, following inoculation with Bacillus applied as a seed coat.”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus seed-coat inoculation significantly reduced foliage CAT by 20.7%.
- Treatment
- inoculation with Bacillus applied as a seed coate0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- CATe0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 20.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the level of phytochemicals, proline, and malondialdehyde and antioxidants, CAT and SOD, in foliage declined significantly by 46.4, 70.2, 20.7, and 16.9%, respectively, following inoculation with Bacillus applied as a seed coat.”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus seed-coat inoculation significantly reduced foliage SOD by 16.9%.
- Treatment
- inoculation with Bacillus applied as a seed coate0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- SODe0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 16.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the level of phytochemicals, proline, and malondialdehyde and antioxidants, CAT and SOD, in foliage declined significantly by 46.4, 70.2, 20.7, and 16.9%, respectively, following inoculation with Bacillus applied as a seed coat.”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Burkholderia-infected sorghum plants exhibited cellular damage, mainly in leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese0
- Interactor
- BurkholderiaBurkholderiae0pathogen
- Outcome
- cellular damagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Burkholderia-infected plants exhibited cellular damage, mainly in leaf tissues”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR inoculation enhanced measured sorghum growth parameters.
- Treatment
- PGPR inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PGPR inoculation substantially enhanced the measured growth parameters of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR inoculation reduced phytochemical and antioxidant levels in sorghum.
- Treatment
- PGPR inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- levels of phytochemicals and antioxidantse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PGPR inoculation substantially enhanced the measured growth parameters of sorghum while reducing the levels of phytochemicals and antioxidants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose A. chroococcum as a biocontrol approach for sorghum disease management and production.
- Interactor
- A. chroococcume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- managing plant diseases and promoting the production of sorghume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. chroococcum, B. megaterium, and P. fluorescens, possessing biocontrol activity, can be employed as a profitable, environment and pocket-friendly approach for managing plant diseases and promoting the production of sorghum under biotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose B. megaterium as a biocontrol approach for sorghum disease management and production.
- Interactor
- B. megaterium
Priestia megateriume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- managing plant diseases and promoting the production of sorghume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. chroococcum, B. megaterium, and P. fluorescens, possessing biocontrol activity, can be employed as a profitable, environment and pocket-friendly approach for managing plant diseases and promoting the production of sorghum under biotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose P. fluorescens as a biocontrol approach for sorghum disease management and production.
- Interactor
- P. fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- managing plant diseases and promoting the production of sorghume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. chroococcum, B. megaterium, and P. fluorescens, possessing biocontrol activity, can be employed as a profitable, environment and pocket-friendly approach for managing plant diseases and promoting the production of sorghum under biotic stress”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 76 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.