Abstract
An experiment was carried out during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2016 and 2017 at 2 locations of Punjab (Ludhiana and Bathinda), to study the effect of N-fixer (Azotobacter species) and P-solubilizers (Sphingobacterium species, Burkholderia species and Streptomyces badius) inoculations and their interactions, in the presence of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) on SL 44 single-cut forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench]. A to- tal of 9 liquid microbial inoculant combinations were used as seed treatment before sowing. All the microbial treat- ments along with chemical fertilization resulted in non-significant numeric increase in yield and growth of sorghum at both the locations in 2 consecutive years. The dual inoculation, i.e. Azotobacter species + Burkholderia species along with RDF resulted in 21.5% and 16.8% percent increase in crude protein (CP) and in-vitro dry-matter digest- ibility (IVDMD) over the control, observed from 2 locations pooled mean respectively. Similar combination of biofertilizer with recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of 40.40% and 53.53% respectively. The hydrocyanic acid (HCN) production was also noticed to be lowered down with the use of liquid dual inoculum of Azotobacter species + Burkholderia species. Green fod- der yield (GFY) had positive significant correlation with all yield, growth and quality parameters, whereas negative correlation with HCN (0.09), ADF (0.34) and NDF (0.18). Dry-fodder yield (DFY) exhibited the highest signifi- cant correlation coefficient with IVDMD (0.92) followed by CP (0.71). The results of correlation also indicated that the plant height should be given due importance as it showed significant correlation with dry-fodder yield. There- fore, there was synergetic effect of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing microbial inoculants on fodder qual- ity improvement of sorghum.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial treatments with fertilization produced non-significant numerical increases in sorghum yield and growth at both sites in both years.
- Treatment
- microbial treat- ments along with chemical fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yield and growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the microbial treat- ments along with chemical fertilization resulted in non-significant numeric increase in yield and growth of sorghum at both the locations in 2 consecutive years”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter plus Burkholderia with fertilizer increased sorghum crude protein by 21.5% over control.
- Treatment
- Azotobacter species + Burkholderia species along with RDFe0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter species
Azotobactere0symbiont - Second interactor
- Burkholderia species
Burkholderiae0symbiont - Outcome
- crude protein (CP)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 21.5%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azotobacter species + Burkholderia species along with RDF resulted in 21.5% and 16.8% percent increase in crude protein (CP) and in-vitro dry-matter digest- ibility (IVDMD) over the control”
e1“forage sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The dual inoculation increased sorghum in-vitro dry matter digestibility by 16.8% over control.
- Treatment
- Azotobacter species + Burkholderia species along with RDFe0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter speciesAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Burkholderia speciesBurkholderiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- in-vitro dry-matter digest- ibility (IVDMD)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 16.8%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azotobacter species + Burkholderia species along with RDF resulted in 21.5% and 16.8% percent increase in crude protein (CP) and in-vitro dry-matter digest- ibility (IVDMD) over the control”
e1“forage sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The dual inoculation with fertilizer lowered sorghum acid detergent fibre to 40.40%.
- Treatment
- Similar combination of biofertilizer with recommended dose of fertilizere0
- Outcome
- acid detergent fibre (ADF)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 40.40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar combination of biofertilizer with recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of 40.40% and 53.53% respectively”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
The dual inoculation with fertilizer lowered sorghum neutral detergent fibre to 53.53%.
- Treatment
- Similar combination of biofertilizer with recommended dose of fertilizere0
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fibre (NDF)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 53.53%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar combination of biofertilizer with recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of 40.40% and 53.53% respectively”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter and Burkholderia dual inoculum lowered sorghum hydrocyanic acid production.
- Treatment
- liquid dual inoculum of Azotobacter species + Burkholderia speciese0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter speciesAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Burkholderia speciesBurkholderiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- hydrocyanic acid (HCN) productione0
- Direction
- lowered downe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hydrocyanic acid (HCN) production was also noticed to be lowered down with the use of liquid dual inoculum of Azotobacter species + Burkholderia species”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Green fodder yield was positively correlated with yield, growth and quality traits and negatively with HCN, ADF and NDF.
- Outcome
- Green fod- der yield (GFY)e0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- yield, growth and quality parameterse0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green fod- der yield (GFY) had positive significant correlation with all yield, growth and quality parameters, whereas negative correlation with HCN (0.09), ADF (0.34) and NDF (0.18)”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry fodder yield was correlated with digestibility at 0.92 and crude protein at 0.71.
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry-fodder yield (DFY) exhibited the highest signifi- cant correlation coefficient with IVDMD (0.92) followed by CP (0.71)”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height correlated significantly with dry fodder yield.
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height should be given due importance as it showed significant correlation with dry-fodder yield”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
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See all 53 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.