Abstract
Abstract A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the presence of phenolic acids in some animal-waste composts as well as their biological activity on the germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) seeds. Nine samples of composts, three in each group of cattle-, chicken-, and hog-waste composts, were extracted with deionized water at the rates of 10, 40, and 80 g L-1. The seeds were imbibed in deionized water or respective compost extracts for 4 h. The content of water soluble phenolic acids in the compost extracts showed a negative correlation with the water uptake (r=- 0.88**), α-amylase activity (r=-0.82**), and subsequent germination % (r=- 0.81**) of sorghum seeds. The germination-inhibitory effects of the composts were observed in the acidic fraction of the compost extracts which contained the phenolic acids. The commercial phenolic acid preparations reduced the germination of sorghum seeds at a higher concentration (> 50 mg L-1) than the total phenolic acid content estimated in the composts. It was considered that the phenolic acids may be a major group of germination-inhibitory substances in animal-waste composts. The possibility of synergistic effects of phenolic acids in the germination-inhibitory composts was indicated. The presence of non-phenolic germination-inhibitors in the composts was also demonstrated.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble phenolic acid content in compost extracts was negatively correlated with sorghum seed water uptake (r=-0.88).
- Compound
- water soluble phenolic acidse0
- Outcome
- water uptakee0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
- Value
- r=- 0.88**e0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of water soluble phenolic acids in the compost extracts showed a negative correlation with the water uptake (r=- 0.88**), α-amylase activity (r=-0.82**), and subsequent germination % (r=- 0.81**) of sorghum seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble phenolic acid content was negatively correlated with sorghum seed α-amylase activity (r=-0.82).
- Compound
- water soluble phenolic acidse0
- Outcome
- α-amylase activitye0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
- Value
- r=-0.82**e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of water soluble phenolic acids in the compost extracts showed a negative correlation with the water uptake (r=- 0.88**), α-amylase activity (r=-0.82**), and subsequent germination % (r=- 0.81**) of sorghum seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble phenolic acid content was negatively correlated with sorghum seed germination percentage (r=-0.81).
- Compound
- water soluble phenolic acidse0
- Outcome
- germination %e0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
- Value
- r=- 0.81**e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of water soluble phenolic acids in the compost extracts showed a negative correlation with the water uptake (r=- 0.88**), α-amylase activity (r=-0.82**), and subsequent germination % (r=- 0.81**) of sorghum seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
The acidic fraction of compost extracts containing phenolic acids inhibited sorghum germination.
- Treatment
- acidic fraction of the compost extractse0
- Outcome
- germination-inhibitory effectse0
- Direction
- germination-inhibitorye0
- Comparator
- deionized watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination-inhibitory effects of the composts were observed in the acidic fraction of the compost extracts which contained the phenolic acids.”
e1“germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) seeds”
e2“The seeds were imbibed in deionized water or respective compost extracts for 4 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial phenolic acid preparations reduced sorghum germination at concentrations above 50 mg L-1.
- Treatment
- commercial phenolic acid preparationse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- > 50 mg L-1e0
- Comparator
- total phenolic acid content estimated in the compostse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial phenolic acid preparations reduced the germination of sorghum seeds at a higher concentration (> 50 mg L-1) than the total phenolic acid content estimated in the composts.”
e1“The seeds were imbibed in deionized water or respective compost extracts for 4 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered phenolic acids a major group of germination inhibitors in animal-waste composts.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was considered that the phenolic acids may be a major group of germination-inhibitory substances in animal-waste composts.”
e1“germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors indicated possible synergistic phenolic-acid effects in germination-inhibitory composts.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The possibility of synergistic effects of phenolic acids in the germination-inhibitory composts was indicated.”
e1“germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-phenolic germination inhibitors were also demonstrated in the composts.
- Outcome
- non-phenolic germination-inhibitorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of non-phenolic germination-inhibitors in the composts was also demonstrated.”
e1“germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) seeds”
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See all 57 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.