Abstract
The combination of glyphosate and 2,4-D at various rates was evaluated for controlling existing weeds at planting in no-till corn and soybeans. Herbicide combinations in soybeans also included paraquat plus 2,4-D, linuron, or diuron. Standard treatments included glyphosate (0.6 and 1.1 kg ae/ha) and paraquat (0.3 and 0.6 kg ai/ha), and 2,4-D (0.6 kg ae/ha) alone. For corn, the addition of 2,4-D to glyphosate did not improve weed control, although the addition of 2,4-D to paraquat did improve horseweed control. Corn yield with the herbicide combinations was higher than that for the nonselective herbicides alone. Although initial weed control was good in soybeans, weed regrowth in all paraquat alone treatments was substantial, especially with horseweed. The addition of 2,4-D to paraquat improved control of horseweed and tall morningglory. The addition of linuron or diuron to paraquat improved horseweed and common ragweed control, whereas the addition of 2,4-D to glyphosate improved the control of tall morningglory but not the other weed species. Generally, after 4 weeks, all glyphosate treatments provided better horseweed control than all paraquat treatments. Paraquat plus either linuron or diuron and glyphosate alone or in combination with 2,4-D gave the highest soybean yields.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-D to glyphosate did not improve weed control in corn.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- addition of 2,4-D to glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For corn, the addition of 2,4-D to glyphosate did not improve weed control”
t0“Weeds in No-Till Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-D to paraquat improved horseweed control in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- addition of 2,4-D to paraquate0
- Interactor
- horseweed
Erigeron canadensise0weed - Outcome
- horseweed controle0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Comparator
- paraquate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of 2,4-D to paraquat did improve horseweed control”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield was higher with herbicide combinations than with nonselective herbicides alone.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- herbicide combinationse0
- Outcome
- Corn yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- nonselective herbicides alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yield with the herbicide combinations was higher than that for the nonselective herbicides alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial weed control in soybeans was good.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“initial weed control was good in soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed regrowth was substantial in all paraquat alone soybean treatments, especially horseweed.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- paraquat alonee0
- Interactor
- horseweedErigeron canadensise0weed
- Outcome
- weed regrowthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed regrowth in all paraquat alone treatments was substantial, especially with horseweed”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-D to paraquat improved horseweed control.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- addition of 2,4-D to paraquate0
- Interactor
- horseweedErigeron canadensise0weed
- Outcome
- control of horseweede0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- paraquate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 2,4-D to paraquat improved control of horseweed and tall morningglory”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-D to paraquat improved tall morningglory control.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- addition of 2,4-D to paraquate0
- Interactor
- tall morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- control of horseweed and tall morningglorye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- paraquate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 2,4-D to paraquat improved control of horseweed and tall morningglory”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding linuron to paraquat improved horseweed and common ragweed control.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- addition of linurone0
- Interactor
- horseweedErigeron canadensise0weed
- Second interactor
- common ragweed
Ambrosia artemisiifoliae0weed - Outcome
- horseweed and common ragweed controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- paraquate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of linuron or diuron to paraquat improved horseweed and common ragweed control”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding diuron to paraquat improved horseweed and common ragweed control.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- diurone0
- Interactor
- horseweedErigeron canadensise0weed
- Second interactor
- common ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifoliae0weed
- Outcome
- horseweed and common ragweed controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- paraquate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of linuron or diuron to paraquat improved horseweed and common ragweed control”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-D to glyphosate improved tall morningglory control, but not control of other weed species.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- addition of 2,4-D to glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- tall morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- control of tall morningglorye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of 2,4-D to glyphosate improved the control of tall morningglory but not the other weed species”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
After four weeks, glyphosate treatments generally controlled horseweed better than paraquat treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate treatmentse0
- Interactor
- horseweedErigeron canadensise0weed
- Outcome
- horseweed controle0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- after 4 weekse0
- Comparator
- paraquat treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 4 weeks, all glyphosate treatments provided better horseweed control than all paraquat treatments”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus linuron produced among the highest soybean yields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Paraquat plus either linurone0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat plus either linuron or diuron and glyphosate alone or in combination with 2,4-D gave the highest soybean yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus diuron produced among the highest soybean yields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- diurone0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat plus either linuron or diuron and glyphosate alone or in combination with 2,4-D gave the highest soybean yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate alone produced among the highest soybean yields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- glyphosate alonee0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate alone or in combination with 2,4-D gave the highest soybean yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate with 2,4-D produced among the highest soybean yields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- glyphosate alone or in combination with 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate alone or in combination with 2,4-D gave the highest soybean yields”
The same questions in other papers
paraquat · Erigeron canadensis · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
paraquat · Erigeron canadensis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →2,4-D · Erigeron canadensis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
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See all 9 papers →2,4-D · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
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See all 18 papers →2,4-D · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 36 papers →glyphosate · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
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See all 41 papers →glyphosate · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
69 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
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See all 76 papers →2,4-D · Erigeron canadensis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.