Abstract
The impact of two application rates of Fusarium solani strain Fs5 (3.5 106 and 2.2 107 cfu ml-1) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IE-6S+ (2.8 107 and 1.3 108 cfu ml-1) on various population densities of Meloidogyne javanica in tomato was tested in pots under greenhouse conditions. Whilst combined applications of F. solani and P. aeruginosa caused a marked suppression of root knot 6 and 12 weeks after nematode addition, F. solani alone failed to inhibit root-knot infection after 6 weeks, and P. aeruginosa alone was ineffective after 12 weeks. Both biocontrol agents were frequently isolated from the inner root tissues of tomato without any detrimental effect on plant growth. High inoculum levels of M. javanica not only increased root knot but also promoted inner root colonization by F. solani and P. aeruginosa. Inner root colonization by F. solani was greatly reduced when high inoculum levels of the bacterium and low application rates of the fungus were used together. Likewise, P. aeruginosa at low inoculum levels in the presence of high dosages of F. solani led to the complete absence of the bacterium from the inner root tissues. F. solani parasitized eggs and females of M. javanica but P. aeruginosa did not. Egg parasitism increased with increasing fungal inoculum levels. Six weeks after nematode inoculation, F. solani at the low inoculum level and P. aeruginosa at both dosages greatly reduced fungal egg parasitism rates, whereas 12 weeks after nematode inoculation, both organisms used together promoted fungal parasitism. Under field conditions at Karachi and Gharo, combined application of P. aeruginosa and F. solani caused greater suppression of root-knot development due to M. javanica than either antagonist alone. Inner root colonization by F. solani and P. aeruginosa was higher in Karachi than in Gharo. When the microorganisms were applied alone, egg parasitism rates by F. solani were similar in both localities, but when they were applied together, the egg parasitism rate was slightly higher in Karachi than in Gharo.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Fusarium and Pseudomonas applications markedly suppressed root knot at six and twelve weeks.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- combined applications of F. solani and P. aeruginosae0
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- P. aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- root knote0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“combined applications of F. solani and P. aeruginosa caused a marked suppression of root knot 6 and 12 weeks after nematode addition”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium alone did not inhibit root knot after six weeks.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- F. solani alonee0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root-knot infectione0
- Direction
- failed to inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. solani alone failed to inhibit root-knot infection after 6 weeks”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Both biocontrol agents colonized inner tomato roots without detrimental plant growth effects.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- inner root tissuese0
- Outcome
- without any detrimental effect on plant growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both biocontrol agents were frequently isolated from the inner root tissues of tomato without any detrimental effect on plant growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
High Meloidogyne inoculum increased root knot.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High inoculum levels of M. javanicae0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Outcome
- root knote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High inoculum levels of M. javanica not only increased root knot”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High Meloidogyne inoculum promoted Fusarium and Pseudomonas inner root colonization.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High inoculum levels of M. javanicae0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inner root colonization by F. solani and P. aeruginosae0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High inoculum levels of M. javanica not only increased root knot but also promoted inner root colonization by F. solani and P. aeruginosa.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High bacterial and low fungal inocula together reduced Fusarium colonization.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high inoculum levels of the bacterium and low application rates of the funguse0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Inner root colonization by F. solanie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inner root colonization by F. solani was greatly reduced when high inoculum levels of the bacterium and low application rates of the fungus were used together.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Low Pseudomonas with high Fusarium dosages eliminated Pseudomonas from inner roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. aeruginosa at low inoculum levels in the presence of high dosages of F. solanie0
- Interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- complete absence of the bacterium from the inner root tissuese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. aeruginosa at low inoculum levels in the presence of high dosages of F. solani led to the complete absence of the bacterium from the inner root tissues.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium parasitized Meloidogyne eggs and females.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitized eggs and females of M. javanicae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. solani parasitized eggs and females of M. javanica”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas did not parasitize Meloidogyne eggs or females.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- P. aeruginosa did note0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. solani parasitized eggs and females of M. javanica but P. aeruginosa did not.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Egg parasitism increased with fungal inoculum level.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- increasing fungal inoculum levelse0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae1pathogen
- Outcome
- Egg parasitisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Egg parasitism increased with increasing fungal inoculum levels.”
t0“tomato”
e1“F. solani parasitized eggs and females of M. javanica”
Claim · model-written summary
At six weeks, low Fusarium inoculum reduced fungal egg parasitism.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- F. solani at the low inoculum levele0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fungal egg parasitism ratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Six weeks after nematode inoculation, F. solani at the low inoculum level and P. aeruginosa at both dosages greatly reduced fungal egg parasitism rates”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
At six weeks, both Pseudomonas dosages reduced fungal egg parasitism.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. aeruginosa at both dosagese0
- Interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fungal egg parasitism ratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Six weeks after nematode inoculation, F. solani at the low inoculum level and P. aeruginosa at both dosages greatly reduced fungal egg parasitism rates”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
At twelve weeks, combined use promoted fungal egg parasitism.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- both organisms used togethere0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae1pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal parasitisme0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“12 weeks after nematode inoculation, both organisms used together promoted fungal parasitism.”
e1“F. solani parasitized eggs and females of M. javanica”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined agents suppressed Meloidogyne root knot more than either alone at Karachi and Gharo.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of P. aeruginosa and F. solanie0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root-knot development due to M. javanicae0
- Direction
- greater suppressione0
- Comparator
- either antagonist alonee0
- Setting
- Karachi and Gharoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under field conditions at Karachi and Gharo, combined application of P. aeruginosa and F. solani caused greater suppression of root-knot development due to M. javanica than either antagonist alone.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium and Pseudomonas root colonization was higher in Karachi than Gharo.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Inner root colonization by F. solani and P. aeruginosae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Gharoe0
- Setting
- Karachie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inner root colonization by F. solani and P. aeruginosa was higher in Karachi than in Gharo.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium egg parasitism was similar between localities when agents were applied alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- egg parasitism rates by F. solanie0
- Direction
- similare0
- Setting
- Karachi and Gharoe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the microorganisms were applied alone, egg parasitism rates by F. solani were similar in both localities”
e1“Under field conditions at Karachi and Gharo”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
With agents applied together, Fusarium egg parasitism was slightly higher at Karachi than Gharo.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- egg parasitism ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Gharoe0
- Setting
- Karachie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when they were applied together, the egg parasitism rate was slightly higher in Karachi than in Gharo.”
e1“egg parasitism rates by F. solani”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
Fusarium solani · Meloidogyne javanica · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →inoculation · Fusarium solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
phosphorus · Meloidogyne javanica · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.