Abstract
Information on soil zinc (Zn) distribution is essential for understanding its chemical reactions and bioavailability. A study was conducted on the distribution of different forms of soil Zn and response of maize to native soil Zn content at four locations (L1 , L2 , L3 and L4 ) having very low, low, medium and high soil available Zn status. The results revealed that various chemical pools of Zn under incubation condition treated with graded levels of Zn fertilizer application (0, 1.25, 2.50, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 Zn as ZnSO4 kg ha-1) showed significant variation in almost all the locations and similar trends were noticed for all the soil studied, where the highest amount of added Zn (10 kg Zn ha-1) always produced greater Zn release than the lower doses. Among the fractions, the higher release of water soluble plus exchangeable zinc (WSEX-Zn), organically bound zinc (OM- Zn) and crystalline bound zinc (CFeOX-Zn) were observed at 15 days after incubation(DAI) and gradually declined at the end of the experiment upto 30DAI whereas other forms such as manganese oxide bound zinc (MNOX- Zn), amorphous sesquioxide bound zinc (AFeOX- Zn), residual zinc (RES- Zn) and TOTAL- Zn showed a prolonged release upto 30 DAI.Also from the study it is evident that the content of different fractions varied between the soils of all locations, the order of preponderance of different zinc fractions viz. WS and EX < OM < AFe-OX < CFe-OX) < MN-OX < RES and it remained same for all the locations. More than 95 % of the total Zn content occurred in the relatively inactive and mineral-bound residual form (RES), whereas only a small fraction occurred in WS and EX, OM, AFe-OX, and CFe-OX fractions. The pot culture experiment conducted with similar set of treatments with maize crop responded well to Zn fertilizer application and the location with very low Zn status with 7.50 kg Zn ha-1 showed higher value for the dry matter production (76.4 g plant-1) and Zn – uptake (3.34 mg plant-1). Correlation data indicated that those fractions are in a state of dynamic equilibrium among different fractions and were influenced by pH, EC, CEC, organic carbon, DTPA- Zn and also revealed that almost all the fractions contributed to the plant availability. In all the cases it is noted that the release of various forms of Zn and response of maize crop to Zn fertilizer application always higher for the soil having very low Zn followed by low, medium and high Zn status. Keywords: Dry Matter, Chemical Pools, Maize, Soil Properties, Zinc, Zinc Uptake, Zn Levels
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical pools of soil Zn under incubation with graded Zn fertilizer levels showed significant variation in almost all locations.
- Treatment
- graded levels of Zn fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- chemical pools of Zne0
- Setting
- almost all the locationse0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“various chemical pools of Zn under incubation condition treated with graded levels of Zn fertilizer application (0, 1.25, 2.50, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 Zn as ZnSO4 kg ha-1) showed significant variation in almost all the locations”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest added Zn (10 kg Zn ha-1) always produced greater Zn release than lower doses.
- Treatment
- highest amount of added Zn (10 kg Zn ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- Zn releasee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- lower dosese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the highest amount of added Zn (10 kg Zn ha-1) always produced greater Zn release than the lower doses”
Claim · model-written summary
Release of water soluble plus exchangeable, organically bound and crystalline bound Zn was higher at 15 days after incubation and gradually declined by 30 days.
- Outcome
- release of water soluble plus exchangeable zinc (WSEX-Zn), organically bound zinc (OM- Zn) and crystalline bound zinc (CFeOX-Zn)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- gradually declined at the end of the experiment upto 30DAIe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the higher release of water soluble plus exchangeable zinc (WSEX-Zn), organically bound zinc (OM- Zn) and crystalline bound zinc (CFeOX-Zn) were observed at 15 days after incubation(DAI) and gradually declined at the end of the experiment upto 30DAI”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese oxide bound and amorphous sesquioxide bound Zn showed a prolonged release up to 30 DAI.
- Outcome
- manganese oxide bound zinc (MNOX- Zn), amorphous sesquioxide bound zinc (AFeOX- Zn)e0
- Direction
- prolonged release upto 30 DAIe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“manganese oxide bound zinc (MNOX- Zn), amorphous sesquioxide bound zinc (AFeOX- Zn), residual zinc (RES- Zn) and TOTAL- Zn showed a prolonged release upto 30 DAI”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual Zn and total Zn showed a prolonged release up to 30 DAI.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“manganese oxide bound zinc (MNOX- Zn), amorphous sesquioxide bound zinc (AFeOX- Zn), residual zinc (RES- Zn) and TOTAL- Zn showed a prolonged release upto 30 DAI”
Claim · model-written summary
The order of preponderance of Zn fractions was WS and EX < OM < AFe-OX < CFe-OX < MN-OX < RES, the same for all locations.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the order of preponderance of different zinc fractions viz. WS and EX < OM < AFe-OX < CFe-OX) < MN-OX < RES and it remained same for all the locations”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 95 % of total soil Zn occurred in the inactive, mineral-bound residual form.
- Outcome
- total Zn content occurred in the relatively inactive and mineral-bound residual form (RES)e0
- Value
- More than 95 %e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“More than 95 % of the total Zn content occurred in the relatively inactive and mineral-bound residual form (RES)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only a small fraction of soil Zn occurred in the WS and EX, OM, AFe-OX and CFe-OX fractions.
- Outcome
- small fraction occurred in WS and EX, OM, AFe-OX, and CFe-OX fractionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“only a small fraction occurred in WS and EX, OM, AFe-OX, and CFe-OX fractions”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize in the pot culture experiment responded well to Zn fertilizer application.
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pot culture experiment conducted with similar set of treatments with maize crop responded well to Zn fertilizer application”
Claim · model-written summary
At the very low Zn location, 7.50 kg Zn ha-1 gave a higher maize dry matter production of 76.4 g plant-1.
- Treatment
- 7.50 kg Zn ha-1e0
- Outcome
- dry matter productione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 76.4 g plant-1e0
- Qualifier
- location with very low Zn statuse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pot culture experiment conducted with similar set of treatments with maize crop responded well to Zn fertilizer application and the location with very low Zn status with 7.50 kg Zn ha-1 showed higher value for the dry matter production (76.4 g plant-1) and Zn – uptake (3.34 mg plant-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
At the very low Zn location, 7.50 kg Zn ha-1 gave a higher maize Zn uptake of 3.34 mg plant-1.
- Treatment
- 7.50 kg Zn ha-1e0
- Outcome
- Zn – uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.34 mg plant-1e0
- Qualifier
- location with very low Zn statuse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pot culture experiment conducted with similar set of treatments with maize crop responded well to Zn fertilizer application and the location with very low Zn status with 7.50 kg Zn ha-1 showed higher value for the dry matter production (76.4 g plant-1) and Zn – uptake (3.34 mg plant-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Zn fractions were in dynamic equilibrium and were influenced by pH, EC, CEC, organic carbon and DTPA-Zn.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“those fractions are in a state of dynamic equilibrium among different fractions and were influenced by pH, EC, CEC, organic carbon, DTPA- Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Almost all the Zn fractions contributed to plant availability.
- Outcome
- contributed to the plant availabilitye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“almost all the fractions contributed to the plant availability”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn release and maize response to Zn fertilizer were always higher in very low Zn soil, followed by low, medium and high Zn soils.
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- release of various forms of Zn and response of maize crope0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- low, medium and high Zn statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the release of various forms of Zn and response of maize crop to Zn fertilizer application always higher for the soil having very low Zn followed by low, medium and high Zn status”
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