Abstract
Many biotypes of annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) are found on golf course putting greens. Although normally considered an invasive weed, annual bluegrass can provide as good a putting surface as creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.). The most desirable biotypes of annual bluegrass are primarily vegetative and have a low flowering frequency. Whether the nutritional requirements of annual bluegrass biotypes differ from one another or from creeping bentgrass is unknown. The response of three flowering (FAB, high seedhead production) and three vegetative (VAB, low seedhead production) biotypes of annual bluegrass (AB), and the three parents of `Penncross' creeping bentgrass (CB) to varying levels of iron (Fe) in greenhouse sand culture was investigated. After establishment, clones were grown for 3 weeks and irrigated with a half-strength Hoagland's solution containing 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg·L -1 Fe in citrate-Fe. Shoot and root responses to Fe were similar for the VAB and FAB biotypes. However, VAB had higher color ratings (darker green leaf color) with Fe treatment level at 4 mg·L -1 than did FAB or CB, which required 6 mg·L -1 Fe for acceptable color. Growth of creeping bentgrass was greater than that of annual bluegrass at every Fe level tested. Shoot dry weights of CB increased significantly with Fe treatment level up to 6 mg·L -1 . Shoot dry weight of AB increased up to 4 mg·L -1 Fe and then declined at ≥6 mg·L -1 . Root growth of CB increased up to 6 mg·L -1 Fe, but then decreased significantly at 8 mg·L -1 Fe. Root growth of AB increased slightly up to 4 mg·L -1 Fe and then declined at 6 and 8 mg·L -1 . Shoot tissue concentrations of Fe were similar for AB and CB at each Fe rate tested except at 8 mg·L -1 Fe, where Fe levels in CB were significantly lower. Based on this work, creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass respond differently to Fe nutrition, but different biotypes of annual bluegrass appear to respond similarly.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
VAB biotype of annual bluegrass had higher color ratings than FAB or CB at 4 mg·L -1 Fe.
Verbatim
e1“VAB had higher color ratings (darker green leaf color) with Fe treatment level at 4 mg·L -1 than did FAB or CB”
e2“annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.)”
e3“greenhouse sand culture”
Claim · model-written summary
FAB or CB required 6 mg·L -1 Fe for acceptable leaf color.
Verbatim
e2“annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.)”
e4“than did FAB or CB, which required 6 mg·L -1 Fe for acceptable color”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of creeping bentgrass was greater than that of annual bluegrass at every Fe level tested.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferae5 - Treatment
- every Fe level testede5
- Outcome
- Growthe5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- annual bluegrasse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Growth of creeping bentgrass was greater than that of annual bluegrass at every Fe level tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight of creeping bentgrass increased significantly with Fe treatment level up to 6 mg·L -1.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae6
- Treatment
- Fe treatment level up to 6 mg·L -1e7
- Outcome
- Shoot dry weightse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“creeping bentgrass (CB)”
e7“Shoot dry weights of CB increased significantly with Fe treatment level up to 6 mg·L -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight of annual bluegrass increased up to 4 mg·L -1 Fe.
Verbatim
e2“annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.)”
e3“Shoot dry weight of AB increased up to 4 mg·L -1 Fe and then declined at ≥6 mg·L -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight of annual bluegrass declined at ≥6 mg·L -1 Fe.
Verbatim
e2“annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.)”
e3“Shoot dry weight of AB increased up to 4 mg·L -1 Fe and then declined at ≥6 mg·L -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth of creeping bentgrass increased up to 6 mg·L -1 Fe.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae6
- Treatment
- 6 mg·L -1 Fee7
- Outcome
- Root growthe7
- Direction
- increasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“creeping bentgrass (CB)”
e7“Root growth of CB increased up to 6 mg·L -1 Fe, but then decreased significantly at 8 mg·L -1 Fe”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth of creeping bentgrass decreased significantly at 8 mg·L -1 Fe.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae6
- Treatment
- 8 mg·L -1 Fee7
- Outcome
- Root growthe7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“creeping bentgrass (CB)”
e7“Root growth of CB increased up to 6 mg·L -1 Fe, but then decreased significantly at 8 mg·L -1 Fe”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth of annual bluegrass increased slightly up to 4 mg·L -1 Fe.
Verbatim
e2“annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.)”
e3“Root growth of AB increased slightly up to 4 mg·L -1 Fe and then declined at 6 and 8 mg·L -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth of annual bluegrass declined at 6 and 8 mg·L -1 Fe.
Verbatim
e2“annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.)”
e3“Root growth of AB increased slightly up to 4 mg·L -1 Fe and then declined at 6 and 8 mg·L -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot tissue Fe concentrations were similar for annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass at each Fe rate tested except at 8 mg·L -1 Fe.
Verbatim
e2“annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.)”
e4“Shoot tissue concentrations of Fe were similar for AB and CB at each Fe rate tested except at 8 mg·L -1 Fe, where Fe levels in CB were significantly lower”
e6“creeping bentgrass (CB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Fe levels of creeping bentgrass were significantly lower than those of annual bluegrass at 8 mg·L -1 Fe.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae6
- Treatment
- 8 mg·L -1 Fee4
- Outcome
- Fe levelse4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- ABe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“creeping bentgrass (CB)”
e4“Shoot tissue concentrations of Fe were similar for AB and CB at each Fe rate tested except at 8 mg·L -1 Fe, where Fe levels in CB were significantly lower”
Claim · model-written summary
Creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass respond differently to Fe nutrition.
Verbatim
e2“annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.)”
e6“creeping bentgrass (CB)”
e5“creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass respond differently to Fe nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Different biotypes of annual bluegrass appear to respond similarly to Fe.
Verbatim
e2“annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.)”
e5“different biotypes of annual bluegrass appear to respond similarly”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · growth · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.