Abstract
An experiment involving surface cultivations and seeding of poor downland permanent pasture, followed by controlled sheep grazing at two levels of nitrogen manuring, was conducted at Hurley, between 1951 and 1955. Two series of sowings were made. In 1952, establishment of spring‐sown perennial ryegrass was more successful than that of summer‐sown ryegrass, while in 1955 the reverse was true. Differences in establishment were attributed to the degree of competition from the original herbage and to soil moisture conditions. In spite of a relatively low establishment, development of perennial ryegrass on plots which received 5 cwt. Nitro‐Chalk per acre annually following the 1952 spring and summer sowings was satisfactory. Development of white clover was satisfactory only after spring sowing without nitrogen. Cocksfoot, timothy and meadow fescue failed to establish. On the area treated in 1952, first‐class pasture species (perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot and white clover) contributed, by 1955, nearly 60 per cent to sown plots receiving nitrogen, and approximately 40 per cent to sown plots without nitrogen. Without cultivations and sowing, the proportion of first‐class species was approximately 30 per cent at both levels of nitrogen. The mean increase in dry matter yield due to cultivations and sowing two and three years after treatment was 11 per cent, while the mean increase due to nitrogen was 30 per cent. Both nitrogen manuring and sowing increased the nitrogen content of the herbage and the proportion of total annual yield recorded in spring and autumn.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Spring-sown ryegrass established better than summer-sown ryegrass in 1952.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee0 - Treatment
- spring‐sowne0
- Outcome
- establishmente0
- Direction
- more successfule0
- Comparator
- summer‐sown ryegrasse0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1952, establishment of spring‐sown perennial ryegrass was more successful than that of summer‐sown ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer-sown ryegrass established better than spring-sown ryegrass in 1955.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“while in 1955 the reverse was true”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass development was satisfactory with annual Nitro-Chalk after 1952 sowings despite low establishment.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- 5 cwt. Nitro‐Chalk per acre annuallye0
- Outcome
- developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“development of perennial ryegrass on plots which received 5 cwt. Nitro‐Chalk per acre annually following the 1952 spring and summer sowings was satisfactory”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover developed satisfactorily only after spring sowing without nitrogen.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense0 - Treatment
- spring sowing without nitrogene0
- Outcome
- Developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Development of white clover was satisfactory only after spring sowing without nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocksfoot, timothy and meadow fescue failed to establish.
Verbatim
e0“Cocksfoot, timothy and meadow fescue failed to establish”
Claim · model-written summary
First-class species formed nearly 60 per cent of nitrogen-treated sown pasture in 1955.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot and white cloverTrifolium repens
.jpg?width=60)
Dactylis glomerataLolium perennee0 - Treatment
- sown plots receiving nitrogene0
- Outcome
- first‐class pasture speciese0
- Value
- nearly 60 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“first‐class pasture species (perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot and white clover) contributed, by 1955, nearly 60 per cent to sown plots receiving nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
First-class species formed approximately 40 per cent of sown pasture without nitrogen.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“approximately 40 per cent to sown plots without nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Without cultivation or sowing, first-class species formed approximately 30 per cent at both nitrogen levels.
- Treatment
- Without cultivations and sowinge0
- Outcome
- proportion of first‐class speciese0
- Value
- approximately 30 per cente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Without cultivations and sowing, the proportion of first‐class species was approximately 30 per cent at both levels of nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation and sowing raised dry matter yield by 11 per cent two and three years after treatment.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“mean increase in dry matter yield due to cultivations and sowing two and three years after treatment was 11 per cent”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen raised dry matter yield by 30 per cent.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“mean increase due to nitrogen was 30 per cent”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen manuring and sowing increased herbage nitrogen content and spring and autumn yield share.
- Treatment
- nitrogen manuring and sowinge0
- Outcome
- nitrogen content of the herbage and the proportion of total annual yield recorded in spring and autumne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both nitrogen manuring and sowing increased the nitrogen content of the herbage and the proportion of total annual yield recorded in spring and autumn”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.