Abstract
Abstract Two cultivars of each of two contrasting grass species, timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) and perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.), sown either in May or July, were sampled for dry matter (DM) weight of roots and herbage in late October (end of main growing season) and examined for regrowth when exposed to a frost treatment (−8 to −10°C in darkness for 48 h) in late January, early March and late April. The frost treatment caused compensatory root and herbage growth, and regrowth of roots in March and April was greater than regrowth of herbage. Early‐sown plants had higher DM weights of roots and herbage than late‐sown plants in October but had the lowest survival rate when exposed to the frost treatment in April. Compensatory growth of root and herbage in response to moderate frosts occurred in January and March in all cultivars, and in the most frost‐resistant timothy cultivar in April. Concentration of total carbohydrates increased from October to March with the greatest increase in the most winter‐hardy cultivar of each species, and then decreased in April. An indirect correlation between concentration of total carbohydrates and tolerance to moderate frost was indicated, and plant survival and ability for compensatory growth were also associated with differences in adaptation related to winter survival in the cultivars tested.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The frost treatment increased compensatory root and herbage growth.
- Taxon
- timothy and perennial ryegrass
Lolium perenne
Phleum pratenset0 - Treatment
- frost treatmente0
- Outcome
- compensatory root and herbage growthe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“timothy and perennial ryegrass”
e0“The frost treatment caused compensatory root and herbage growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Root regrowth after frost was greater than herbage regrowth in March and April.
- Taxon
- timothy and perennial ryegrassLolium perennePhleum pratenset0
- Treatment
- frost treatmente0
- Outcome
- regrowth of rootse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- regrowth of herbagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“timothy and perennial ryegrass”
e0“The frost treatment caused compensatory root and herbage growth”
e1“regrowth of roots in March and April was greater than regrowth of herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-sown plants had higher root and herbage dry matter than late-sown plants in October.
- Taxon
- timothy and perennial ryegrassLolium perennePhleum pratenset0
- Treatment
- Early‐sowne2
- Outcome
- DM weights of roots and herbagee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- late‐sown plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“timothy and perennial ryegrass”
e2“Early‐sown plants had higher DM weights of roots and herbage than late‐sown plants in October”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-sown plants had the lowest survival rate when exposed to frost in April.
- Taxon
- timothy and perennial ryegrassLolium perennePhleum pratenset0
- Treatment
- Early‐sowne3
- Outcome
- survival ratee3
- Direction
- loweste3
- Qualifier
- when exposed to the frost treatment in Aprile3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“timothy and perennial ryegrass”
e3“Early‐sown plants had higher DM weights of roots and herbage than late‐sown plants in October but had the lowest survival rate when exposed to the frost treatment in April”
Claim · model-written summary
Compensatory root and herbage growth after moderate frost occurred in January and March in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- timothy and perennial ryegrassLolium perennePhleum pratenset0
- Material
- all cultivarse4
- Treatment
- moderate frostse4
- Outcome
- Compensatory growth of root and herbagee4
- Setting
- January and Marche4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“timothy and perennial ryegrass”
e4“Compensatory growth of root and herbage in response to moderate frosts occurred in January and March in all cultivars, and in the most frost‐resistant timothy cultivar in April”
Claim · model-written summary
Compensatory growth also occurred in the most frost-resistant timothy cultivar in April.
- Taxon
- timothyPhleum pratensee4
- Material
- most frost‐resistant timothy cultivare4
- Outcome
- Compensatory growth of root and herbagee4
- Setting
- in Aprile4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Compensatory growth of root and herbage in response to moderate frosts occurred in January and March in all cultivars, and in the most frost‐resistant timothy cultivar in April”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentration of total carbohydrates increased from October to March.
- Taxon
- timothy and perennial ryegrassLolium perennePhleum pratenset0
- Outcome
- Concentration of total carbohydratese5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Setting
- from October to Marche5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“timothy and perennial ryegrass”
e5“Concentration of total carbohydrates increased from October to March with the greatest increase in the most winter‐hardy cultivar of each species, and then decreased in April”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest carbohydrate increase occurred in the most winter-hardy cultivar of each species.
- Taxon
- timothy and perennial ryegrassLolium perennePhleum pratenset0
- Material
- most winter‐hardy cultivar of each speciese5
- Outcome
- Concentration of total carbohydratese5
- Direction
- greatest increasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“timothy and perennial ryegrass”
e5“Concentration of total carbohydrates increased from October to March with the greatest increase in the most winter‐hardy cultivar of each species, and then decreased in April”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentration of total carbohydrates decreased in April.
- Taxon
- timothy and perennial ryegrassLolium perennePhleum pratenset0
- Outcome
- Concentration of total carbohydratese5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- in Aprile5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“timothy and perennial ryegrass”
e5“Concentration of total carbohydrates increased from October to March with the greatest increase in the most winter‐hardy cultivar of each species, and then decreased in April”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerance to moderate frost was indirectly correlated with total carbohydrate concentration.
- Taxon
- timothy and perennial ryegrassLolium perennePhleum pratenset0
- Compound
- total carbohydratese6
- Outcome
- tolerance to moderate froste6
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“timothy and perennial ryegrass”
e6“An indirect correlation between concentration of total carbohydrates and tolerance to moderate frost was indicated”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant survival and ability for compensatory growth were associated with winter-survival adaptation differences among the cultivars tested.
- Taxon
- timothy and perennial ryegrassLolium perennePhleum pratenset0
- Material
- cultivars testede7
- Outcome
- plant survival and ability for compensatory growthe7
- Qualifier
- differences in adaptation related to winter survivale7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“timothy and perennial ryegrass”
e7“plant survival and ability for compensatory growth were also associated with differences in adaptation related to winter survival in the cultivars tested”
The same questions in other papers
cold · growth · Phleum pratense (timothy)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
cold · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →sowing time · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.