Abstract
The effects of no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), and crop rotation on soybean yield and population dynamics of Heterodera glycines were compared during a 7-year study in a silty clay loam soil with 6% organic matter. Either H. glycines-resistant 'Linford' soybean or susceptible 'Williams 82' soybean was rotated with corn and grown on 76-cm-wide rows in both tillage systems. Soybean was planted in 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Yield of Linford was significantly greater than Williams 82 in all years. Soybean yield was affected by tillage in 1999 and 2000. No-tillage production tended to support more reproduction (R = number of eggs at harvest/number of eggs at planting) on both cultivars. The largest R for Williams 82 were in 1998: 58.35 for NT plots and 11.78 for CT plots. For Linford, the largest R were 12.09 for NT plots in 1996, and 3.71 for CT in 1999. When corn was planted, R decreased more in NT. When soybean was planted in years subsequent to 1994, numbers of eggs at harvest (Pf) were greater for Williams 82 NT than for Williams 82 CT or Linford in both tillage systems; however, crop rotation with corn negated these population increases. The soil became suppressive to H. glycines in 1999 and was suppressive in 2000. After the 3 years of continuous soybean, Pf per 250 cm[sup3] soil were 2,870 for Williams 82 NT, 791 for Williams 82 CT, 544 for Linford NT, and 990 for Linford CT in 2000, compared with Pf of 13,100 for Williams 82 NT, 15,000 for Williams CT, 2,360 for Linford NT, and 2,050 for Linford CT in 1994. Describing population dynamics solely on the basis of R was not adequate, but also required independent examination of initial populations following overwintering and Pf after the growing season. Planting soybean either NT or CT in rotation with corn did not result in long-term increases in numbers of H. glycines eggs.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Linford soybean yielded significantly more than Williams 82 in all years.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of Linford was significantly greater than Williams 82 in all years”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage affected soybean yield in 1999 and 2000.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Qualifier
- 1999 and 2000e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was affected by tillage in 1999 and 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage tended to support more nematode reproduction on both cultivars.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“No-tillage production tended to support more reproduction (R = number of eggs at harvest/number of eggs at planting) on both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Williams 82 had a peak nematode reproduction ratio of 58.35 in no-tillage plots in 1998.
Verbatim
e0“The largest R for Williams 82 were in 1998: 58.35 for NT plots and 11.78 for CT plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Williams 82 had a peak nematode reproduction ratio of 11.78 in conventional-tillage plots in 1998.
Verbatim
e0“The largest R for Williams 82 were in 1998: 58.35 for NT plots and 11.78 for CT plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Linford had a peak nematode reproduction ratio of 12.09 in no-tillage plots in 1996.
Verbatim
e0“For Linford, the largest R were 12.09 for NT plots in 1996, and 3.71 for CT in 1999”
Claim · model-written summary
Linford had a peak nematode reproduction ratio of 3.71 under conventional tillage in 1999.
Verbatim
e0“For Linford, the largest R were 12.09 for NT plots in 1996, and 3.71 for CT in 1999”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode reproduction ratio decreased more under no-tillage when corn was planted.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- Re0
- Direction
- decreased moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When corn was planted, R decreased more in NT”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsequent soybean crops had more nematode eggs at harvest in Williams 82 no-tillage than Williams 82 conventional tillage or Linford.
Verbatim
e0“numbers of eggs at harvest (Pf) were greater for Williams 82 NT than for Williams 82 CT or Linford in both tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation with corn negated increases in nematode egg numbers.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- crop rotation with corne0
- Outcome
- population increasese0
- Direction
- negatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crop rotation with corn negated these population increases”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil became suppressive to H. glycines in 1999 and remained suppressive in 2000.
- Taxon
- H. glycines
Heterodera glycinese0 - Outcome
- soil became suppressivee0
- Qualifier
- 1999e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil became suppressive to H. glycines in 1999 and was suppressive in 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
Williams 82 no-tillage had 2,870 nematode eggs per 250 cm soil in 2000.
Verbatim
e0“Pf per 250 cm[sup3] soil were 2,870 for Williams 82 NT, 791 for Williams 82 CT, 544 for Linford NT, and 990 for Linford CT in 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
Williams 82 conventional tillage had 791 nematode eggs per 250 cm soil in 2000.
Verbatim
e0“Pf per 250 cm[sup3] soil were 2,870 for Williams 82 NT, 791 for Williams 82 CT, 544 for Linford NT, and 990 for Linford CT in 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
Linford no-tillage had 544 nematode eggs per 250 cm soil in 2000.
Verbatim
e0“Pf per 250 cm[sup3] soil were 2,870 for Williams 82 NT, 791 for Williams 82 CT, 544 for Linford NT, and 990 for Linford CT in 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
Linford conventional tillage had 990 nematode eggs per 250 cm soil in 2000.
Verbatim
e0“Pf per 250 cm[sup3] soil were 2,870 for Williams 82 NT, 791 for Williams 82 CT, 544 for Linford NT, and 990 for Linford CT in 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
The study found reproduction ratio alone inadequate to characterize nematode population dynamics.
- Outcome
- population dynamicse0
- Qualifier
- independent examination of initial populations following overwintering and Pf after the growing seasone0
- Comparator
- Re0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Describing population dynamics solely on the basis of R was not adequate, but also required independent examination of initial populations following overwintering and Pf after the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean rotation with corn under either tillage system did not produce long-term nematode egg increases.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- rotation with corne0
- Outcome
- long-term increases in numbers of H. glycines eggse0
- Direction
- did not result ine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting soybean either NT or CT in rotation with corn did not result in long-term increases in numbers of H. glycines eggs”
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