Abstract
Dwarf-type bermudagrasses [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey] tolerate long-term golf green mowing heights but require heavy nitrogen (N) fertilizations. Inhibiting leaf growth with trinexapac-ethyl (TE) could reduce shoot growth competition for root reserves and improve nutrient use efficiency. Two greenhouse experiments evaluated four N levels, 6 (N6), 12 (N12), 18 (N18), and 24 (N24) kg N/ha/week, with TE at 0 and 0.05 kg·ha –1 a.i. every 3 weeks to assess rooting, nutrient allocation, clipping yield, and chlorophyll concentration of `TifEagle' bermudagrass grown in PVC containers built to U.S. Golf Association specification. Trinexapac-ethyl enhanced turf quality on every date after initial application. After 8 weeks, high N rates caused turf quality decline; however, TE treated turf averaged about 25% higher visual quality from nontreated turf, masking quality decline of high N fertility. `TifEagle' bermudagrass treated with TE had clippings reduced 52% to 61% from non-TE treated. After 16 weeks, bermudagrass treated with TE over all N levels had 43% greater root mass and 23% enhanced root length. Compared to non-TE treated turf, leaf N, P, and K concentrations were consistently lower in TE treated turf while Ca and Mg concentrations were increased. Root N concentrations in TE treated turf were 8% to 11% higher for N12, N18, and N24 fertilized turf than respective N rates without TE. Compared to non-TE treated turf, clipping nutrient recoveries were reduced 69% to 79% by TE with 25% to 105% greater nutrients recovered in roots. Bermudagrass treated with TE had higher total chlorophyll concentrations after 8 and 12 weeks. Overall, inhibiting `TifEagle' bermudagrass leaf growth appears to reallocate nutrients to belowground tissues, thus improving nutrient use efficiency and root growth. Chemical name used: trinexapac-ethyl, [4-(cyclopropyl-[α]-hydroxymethylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexane carboxylic acid ethylester].
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl enhanced turf quality on every date after initial application.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone2 - Treatment
- Trinexapac-ethyle1
- Outcome
- turf qualitye1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- nontreated turfe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Trinexapac-ethyl enhanced turf quality on every date after initial application”
e2“Dwarf-type bermudagrasses”
e3“TE treated turf averaged about 25% higher visual quality from nontreated turf”
Claim · model-written summary
After 8 weeks, high N rates were associated with a decline in turf quality.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone2
- Treatment
- high N ratese1
- Outcome
- turf quality declinee1
- Direction
- declinee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“After 8 weeks, high N rates caused turf quality decline”
e2“Dwarf-type bermudagrasses”
Claim · model-written summary
TE treated turf averaged about 25% higher visual quality than nontreated turf, masking the quality decline of high N fertility.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone2
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- visual qualitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 25%e1
- Comparator
- nontreated turfe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“TE treated turf averaged about 25% higher visual quality from nontreated turf”
e2“Dwarf-type bermudagrasses”
Claim · model-written summary
TifEagle bermudagrass treated with TE had clippings reduced by 52% to 61% relative to non-TE treated turf.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- clippingse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 52% to 61%e1
- Comparator
- non-TE treatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“`TifEagle' bermudagrass treated with TE had clippings reduced 52% to 61% from non-TE treated”
Claim · model-written summary
After 16 weeks, bermudagrass treated with TE over all N levels had 43% greater root mass than non-TE treated turf.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- root masse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 43%e1
- Comparator
- non-TE treatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“After 16 weeks, bermudagrass treated with TE over all N levels had 43% greater root mass and 23% enhanced root length”
e2“Compared to non-TE treated turf, leaf N, P, and K concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
After 16 weeks, bermudagrass treated with TE over all N levels had 23% enhanced root length relative to non-TE treated turf.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 23%e1
- Comparator
- non-TE treatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“After 16 weeks, bermudagrass treated with TE over all N levels had 43% greater root mass and 23% enhanced root length”
e2“Compared to non-TE treated turf, leaf N, P, and K concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
In TE treated turf, leaf N, P and K concentrations were consistently lower than in non-TE treated turf.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone2
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- leaf N, P, and K concentrationse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- consistentlye1
- Comparator
- non-TE treated turfe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to non-TE treated turf, leaf N, P, and K concentrations were consistently lower in TE treated turf while Ca and Mg concentrations were increased”
e2“Dwarf-type bermudagrasses”
Claim · model-written summary
In TE treated turf, Ca and Mg concentrations were increased relative to non-TE treated turf.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone2
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- Ca and Mg concentrationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-TE treated turfe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to non-TE treated turf, leaf N, P, and K concentrations were consistently lower in TE treated turf while Ca and Mg concentrations were increased”
e2“Dwarf-type bermudagrasses”
Claim · model-written summary
Root N concentrations in TE treated turf were 8% to 11% higher than at the respective N rates without TE.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone2
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- Root N concentrationse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 8% to 11%e1
- Comparator
- respective N rates without TEe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Root N concentrations in TE treated turf were 8% to 11% higher for N12, N18, and N24 fertilized turf than respective N rates without TE”
e2“Dwarf-type bermudagrasses”
Claim · model-written summary
Clipping nutrient recoveries were reduced by 69% to 79% by TE relative to non-TE treated turf.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone2
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- clipping nutrient recoveriese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 69% to 79%e1
- Comparator
- non-TE treated turfe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to non-TE treated turf, clipping nutrient recoveries were reduced 69% to 79% by TE with 25% to 105% greater nutrients recovered in roots”
e2“Dwarf-type bermudagrasses”
Claim · model-written summary
TE increased the nutrients recovered in roots by 25% to 105% relative to non-TE treated turf.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone2
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- nutrients recovered in rootse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 25% to 105%e1
- Comparator
- non-TE treated turfe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to non-TE treated turf, clipping nutrient recoveries were reduced 69% to 79% by TE with 25% to 105% greater nutrients recovered in roots”
e2“Dwarf-type bermudagrasses”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermudagrass treated with TE had higher total chlorophyll concentrations after 8 and 12 weeks.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll concentrationse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- after 8 and 12 weekse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bermudagrass treated with TE had higher total chlorophyll concentrations after 8 and 12 weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibiting leaf growth appears to reallocate nutrients to belowground tissues, thereby improving nutrient use efficiency and root growth.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Outcome
- nutrient use efficiencye1
- Qualifier
- appears to reallocate nutrients to belowground tissuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Overall, inhibiting `TifEagle' bermudagrass leaf growth appears to reallocate nutrients to belowground tissues, thus improving nutrient use efficiency and root growth”
The same questions in other papers
trinexapac-ethyl · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →trinexapac-ethyl · quality: general · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.