Abstract
AIMS: To compare the abilities of the monocentric rumen fungi Neocallimastix frontalis, Piromyces communis and Caecomyces communis, growing in coculture with Methanobrevibacter smithii, to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay. METHODS AND RESULTS: The cell walls of xylem cylinders isolated from stems of lucerne contained mostly xylans, cellulose and lignin together with a small proportion of pectic polysaccharides. All of these major components were removed during incubation with the three fungi, and differing cell wall polysaccharides were degraded to different extents. The greatest dry weight loss was found with N. frontalis and least with C. communis, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that these extensively colonized different cell types. C. communis specifically colonized secondary xylem fibres and showed much less degradation than N. frontalis and P. communis. CONCLUSIONS: Neocallimastix frontalis and P. communis were efficient degraders of the cell walls of lucerne xylem cylinders. Degradation occurred of pectic polysaccharides, xylan and cellulose. Loss of lignin from the xylem cylinders probably resulted from the cleavage of xylan releasing xylan-lignin complexes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Unlike rumen bacteria, the rumen fungi N. frontalis, P. communis and C. communis are able to degrade lignified secondary walls in lucerne stems. These fungi could improve forage utilization by ruminants and may have potential in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass in the production of biofuels.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Incubation with the three rumen fungi removed the major cell wall components of lucerne.
- Taxon
- lucerne
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- incubation with the three fungie1
- Outcome
- major componentse1
- Direction
- removede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay”
e1“All of these major components were removed during incubation with the three fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Neocallimastix frontalis gave the greatest dry weight loss of lucerne cell walls.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- N. frontalisNeocallimastix frontalise2other
- Outcome
- dry weight losse2
- Direction
- greateste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay”
e2“The greatest dry weight loss was found with N. frontalis and least with C. communis”
Claim · model-written summary
Caecomyces communis gave the least dry weight loss of lucerne cell walls.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- C. communisCaecomyces communise2other
- Outcome
- dry weight losse2
- Direction
- leaste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay”
e2“The greatest dry weight loss was found with N. frontalis and least with C. communis”
Claim · model-written summary
Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fungi extensively colonized different cell types of lucerne.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- extensively colonized different cell typese3
- Qualifier
- scanning electron microscopye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay”
e3“scanning electron microscopy revealed that these extensively colonized different cell types”
Claim · model-written summary
Caecomyces communis specifically colonized secondary xylem fibres of lucerne.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- secondary xylem fibrese4
- Interactor
- C. communisCaecomyces communise4other
- Outcome
- specifically colonizede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay”
e4“C. communis specifically colonized secondary xylem fibres and showed much less degradation than N. frontalis and P. communis”
Claim · model-written summary
Caecomyces communis showed much less degradation of lucerne cell walls than N. frontalis and P. communis.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- C. communisCaecomyces communise4other
- Outcome
- degradatione4
- Direction
- lesse4
- Comparator
- N. frontalis and P. communise4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay”
e4“C. communis specifically colonized secondary xylem fibres and showed much less degradation than N. frontalis and P. communis”
Claim · model-written summary
Neocallimastix frontalis and Piromyces communis were efficient degraders of the cell walls of lucerne xylem cylinders.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- xylem cylinderse5
- Interactor
- Neocallimastix frontalisNeocallimastix frontalise5other
- Second interactor
- P. communisPiromyces communise5other
- Outcome
- efficient degraderse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay”
e5“Neocallimastix frontalis and P. communis were efficient degraders of the cell walls of lucerne xylem cylinders”
Claim · model-written summary
Pectic polysaccharides, xylan and cellulose were degraded in lucerne cell walls.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- pectic polysaccharides, xylan and cellulosee6
- Qualifier
- Degradation occurrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay”
e6“Degradation occurred of pectic polysaccharides, xylan and cellulose”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of lignin probably resulted from cleavage of xylan releasing xylan-lignin complexes.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- Loss of lignine7
- Qualifier
- cleavage of xylan releasing xylan-lignin complexese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay”
e7“Loss of lignin from the xylem cylinders probably resulted from the cleavage of xylan releasing xylan-lignin complexes”