Abstract
Seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in stand density of field pea on the Canadian prairies. Ninety-four isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were obtained from soil samples collected from 37 pea fields in 1999 in Alberta, Canada. Sixty isolates were characterized as anastomosis group (AG)-4 and 12 isolates as AG-2-1. Some of these isolates caused severe pre-emergence damping-off and were classified as highly pathogenic; 41 of the 44 highly pathogenic isolates were AG-4 and three were AG-2-1. Two highly pathogenic AG-4 isolates were used to assess the effect of inoculum density on survival and growth of field pea seedlings, and the impact of seeding date, seeding depth, soil temperature, seed damage, seed treatments and seeding density on seedling blight and root rot injury. As inoculum density increased, so did root rot severity, while seedling establishment, shoot dry weight and root dry weight declined. Under controlled conditions, seedling establishment in the noninoculated control increased as soil temperatures increased, but establishment and growth declined in inoculated treatments. In a temperature gradient study, seedling infection was highest when mean daily temperatures were 17.5°C or higher. In field trials over 8 station years, delayed seeding often resulted in reduced seedling establishment in inoculated treatments, although this trend was not consistent across sites or years. Seed yield consistently declined with later seeding dates. Seed treatment with fungicides (carbathiin + thiram, metalaxyl) improved establishment and productivity in inoculated treatments, especially where seed was damaged prior to planting. Seeding depth had no impact on root rot severity. Emergence and seed yield increased with seeding density, but increasing density beyond 90 seeds m -2 did not result in proportionately higher yields. These results indicate that a combination of seed treatment and early seeding can reduce Rhizoctonia injury to pea seedlings under field conditions. Key words: Pisum sativum, Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4), management, seeding depth, seeding rate
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia isolates from pea fields included anastomosis group (AG)-4.
Verbatim
e0“Sixty isolates were characterized as anastomosis group (AG)-4 and 12 isolates as AG-2-1.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia isolates from pea fields included AG-2-1.
Verbatim
e0“Sixty isolates were characterized as anastomosis group (AG)-4 and 12 isolates as AG-2-1.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Some isolates caused severe pre-emergence damping-off in pea.
Verbatim
e0“Some of these isolates caused severe pre-emergence damping-off and were classified as highly pathogenic; 41 of the 44 highly pathogenic isolates were AG-4 and three were AG-2-1.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
41 of the 44 highly pathogenic isolates belonged to AG-4.
Verbatim
e0“Some of these isolates caused severe pre-emergence damping-off and were classified as highly pathogenic; 41 of the 44 highly pathogenic isolates were AG-4 and three were AG-2-1.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
three highly pathogenic isolates belonged to AG-2-1.
Verbatim
e0“Some of these isolates caused severe pre-emergence damping-off and were classified as highly pathogenic; 41 of the 44 highly pathogenic isolates were AG-4 and three were AG-2-1.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing inoculum density increased root rot severity.
Verbatim
e0“As inoculum density increased, so did root rot severity, while seedling establishment, shoot dry weight and root dry weight declined.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing inoculum density declined seedling establishment.
Verbatim
e0“As inoculum density increased, so did root rot severity, while seedling establishment, shoot dry weight and root dry weight declined.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing inoculum density declined shoot dry weight and root dry weight.
Verbatim
e0“As inoculum density increased, so did root rot severity, while seedling establishment, shoot dry weight and root dry weight declined.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling establishment increased with soil temperature in noninoculated controls.
Verbatim
e0“Under controlled conditions, seedling establishment in the noninoculated control increased as soil temperatures increased, but establishment and growth declined in inoculated treatments.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Establishment and growth declined with higher soil temperature in inoculated treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Under controlled conditions, seedling establishment in the noninoculated control increased as soil temperatures increased, but establishment and growth declined in inoculated treatments.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling infection was highest at mean daily temperatures of 17.5°C or higher.
Verbatim
e0“In a temperature gradient study, seedling infection was highest when mean daily temperatures were 17.5°C or higher.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed seeding often reduced establishment in inoculated field trials, inconsistently across sites and years.
- Taxon
- field peat0
- Treatment
- delayed seedinge0
- Outcome
- seedling establishmente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- not consistent across sites or yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In field trials over 8 station years, delayed seeding often resulted in reduced seedling establishment in inoculated treatments, although this trend was not consistent across sites or years.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Later seeding dates consistently reduced pea seed yield.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield consistently declined with later seeding dates.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with carbathiin + thiram improved establishment and productivity in inoculated pea, especially damaged seed.
- Taxon
- field peat0
- Treatment
- carbathiin + thirame0
- Outcome
- establishment and productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- especially where seed was damaged prior to plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with fungicides (carbathiin + thiram, metalaxyl) improved establishment and productivity in inoculated treatments, especially where seed was damaged prior to planting.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with metalaxyl improved establishment and productivity in inoculated pea, especially damaged seed.
- Taxon
- field peat0
- Treatment
- metalaxyle0
- Outcome
- establishment and productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- especially where seed was damaged prior to plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with fungicides (carbathiin + thiram, metalaxyl) improved establishment and productivity in inoculated treatments, especially where seed was damaged prior to planting.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeding depth had no measured impact on root rot severity.
Verbatim
e0“Seeding depth had no impact on root rot severity.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence and seed yield increased with seeding density.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence and seed yield increased with seeding density, but increasing density beyond 90 seeds m -2 did not result in proportionately higher yields.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Density above 90 seeds m -2 did not produce proportionately higher yields.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence and seed yield increased with seeding density, but increasing density beyond 90 seeds m -2 did not result in proportionately higher yields.”
t0“field pea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combined seed treatment and early seeding to reduce Rhizoctonia injury in field pea.
- Taxon
- field peat0
- Treatment
- seed treatment and early seedinge0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae0pathogen - Outcome
- reduce Rhizoctonia injurye0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“These results indicate that a combination of seed treatment and early seeding can reduce Rhizoctonia injury to pea seedlings under field conditions.”
t0“field pea”
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