Abstract
Abstract Rate and time of N fertilizer application can affect winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) forage and grain yield and quality, and may influence residual NO 3 ‐N concentration and distribution in the soil profile. Objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of N fertilizer rate and time of application on forage and grain yield, N uptake, and distribution of residual soil NO 3 ‐N. Field experiments were conducted for four consecutive years on a Teller sandy loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, thermic Udic Argiustoll) cropped to winter wheat under conventional tillage. Urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN) was broadcast and incorporated before planting (PPI) or topdressed in December (Feekes 3), January (late Feekes 3), February (Feekes 4), or March (Feekes 5–6) at rates of 34, 67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 . Soil samples were taken from each plot after each grain harvest to 1.2 m and analyzed for NH 4 ‐N and NO 3 ‐N. Forage yield response (measured in late March to mid‐April) to January and December N application was comparable to PPI when adequate precipitation was received after N was applied. Applying N in February and March resulted in plant tissue damage and lower forage yields due to less early‐season growth than with other applications. Apparent fertilizer N recovery in forage was highest when N was applied at or before mid‐January. Date of N application had minimal influence on grain yields. Quadratic response surface models suggest the optimum time of N application for maximum forage and grain yields to be mid‐November and early January, respectively. Timing of N application had no effect on residual NH 4 ‐N and little influence on residual NO 3 ‐N concentration and distribution in the soil profile at the end of each cropping cycle.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
December and January nitrogen applications gave forage yields comparable to preplant application when postapplication rainfall was adequate.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- January and December N applicatione0
- Outcome
- Forage yield responsee0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Qualifier
- when adequate precipitation was received after N was appliede0
- Comparator
- PPIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Forage yield response (measured in late March to mid‐April) to January and December N application was comparable to PPI when adequate precipitation was received after N was applied.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
February and March nitrogen application damaged wheat tissue and lowered forage yield.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Applying N in February and Marche0
- Outcome
- plant tissue damage and lower forage yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying N in February and March resulted in plant tissue damage and lower forage yields due to less early‐season growth than with other applications.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparent fertilizer nitrogen recovery in forage was highest for application by mid-January.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N was applied at or before mid‐Januarye0
- Outcome
- Apparent fertilizer N recovery in foragee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apparent fertilizer N recovery in forage was highest when N was applied at or before mid‐January.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application date had minimal influence on grain yield.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Date of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- minimal influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Date of N application had minimal influence on grain yields.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A quadratic response surface model placed the maximum forage yield timing in mid-November.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- maximum foragee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- mid‐Novembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quadratic response surface models suggest the optimum time of N application for maximum forage and grain yields to be mid‐November and early January, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A quadratic response surface model placed the maximum grain yield timing in early January.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- early Januarye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quadratic response surface models suggest the optimum time of N application for maximum forage and grain yields to be mid‐November and early January, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen timing had no effect on residual soil ammonium nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Timing of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- residual NH 4 ‐Ne0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Timing of N application had no effect on residual NH 4 ‐N and little influence on residual NO 3 ‐N concentration and distribution in the soil profile at the end of each cropping cycle.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen timing had little influence on residual soil nitrate concentration and distribution.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Timing of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- residual NO 3 ‐N concentration and distributione0
- Direction
- little influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Timing of N application had no effect on residual NH 4 ‐N and little influence on residual NO 3 ‐N concentration and distribution in the soil profile at the end of each cropping cycle.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
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