Abstract
The fortification of cereal grains with metal micronutrients is a major target to combat human malnutrition of Fe and Zn. Based on recent studies showing that N fertilization can promote Fe and Zn accumulation in cereal grains, we investigated here the influence of nitrate- or ammonium-based N fertilization on the accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cu as well as metal chelator pools in flag leaves and grains of winter wheat. Fertilization with either N form increased the concentrations of N and of the metal chelator nicotianamine (NA) in green leaves, while 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) remained unaffected. Despite the differential response to N fertilization of NA and DMA levels in flag leaves, N fertilization remained without any significant effect on the net export of these metals during flag leaf senescence, which accounted for approximately one third of the total Fe, Zn, or Cu content in leaves. The significant increase in the accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cu found in the grains of primarily ammonium-fertilized plants was unrelated to the extent of metal retranslocation from flag leaves. These results indicate that an increased N nutritional status of flag leaves promotes the accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cu in flag leaves, which is accompanied by an increased pool of NA but not of DMA. With regard to the far higher concentrations of DMA relative to NA in leaves and leaf exudates, DMA may be more relevant for the mobilization and retranslocation of these metals in high-yielding wheat production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Either nitrogen form raised leaf nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- green leavese0
- Treatment
- either N forme0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization with either N form increased the concentrations of N and of the metal chelator nicotianamine (NA) in green leaves”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Either nitrogen form raised leaf nicotianamine concentration.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- green leavese0
- Treatment
- either N forme0
- Outcome
- nicotianamine (NA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization with either N form increased the concentrations of N and of the metal chelator nicotianamine (NA) in green leaves”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
DMA concentration was unaffected by nitrogen form.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizer formst1
- Outcome
- 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA)e0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) remained unaffected.”
t0“winter wheat”
t1“nitrogen fertilizer forms”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on metal export during flag leaf senescence.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leafe0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- net export of these metalse0
- Direction
- without any significant effecte0
- Value
- approximately one thirde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilization remained without any significant effect on the net export of these metals during flag leaf senescence, which accounted for approximately one third of the total Fe, Zn, or Cu content in leaves.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Primarily ammonium-fertilized plants accumulated significantly more Fe, Zn and Cu in grains.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- primarily ammonium-fertilizede0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cue0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significant increase in the accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cu found in the grains of primarily ammonium-fertilized plants”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain metal accumulation was unrelated to the amount retranslocated from flag leaves.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Outcome
- metal retranslocatione0
- Direction
- unrelatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was unrelated to the extent of metal retranslocation from flag leaves.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted improved nitrogen status as promoting Fe, Zn and Cu accumulation in flag leaves, with more NA but not DMA.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cue0
- Direction
- promotese0
- Qualifier
- increased N nutritional statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increased N nutritional status of flag leaves promotes the accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cu in flag leaves, which is accompanied by an increased pool of NA but not of DMA.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed DMA may be more relevant than NA for metal mobilization and retranslocation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- DMAe0
- Outcome
- mobilization and retranslocation of these metalse0
- Qualifier
- may be more relevante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMA may be more relevant for the mobilization and retranslocation of these metals in high-yielding wheat production.”
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See all 288 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.