Abstract
Seeds of twenty wheat cultivars grown with (+Zn = 23 kg Zn ha−1) and without zinc (Zn) fertilization in a Zn-deficient calcareous soil in Central Anatolia were analyzed for the levels of Zn, phosphorus (P), phytic acid, and phytase activity. Additionally, seeds of four wheat cultivars grown on 55 different locations in Turkey were also analyzed for Zn, P, and phytic acid. In the field experiment with 20 wheat cultivars, seed Zn concentrations showed a range between 7 to 11 mg kg−1 under Zn-deficient and 14 to 23 mg kg−1 under Zn-added conditions. Zinc fertilization reduced seed concentrations of P and phytic acid of all cultivars. On average, the reductions caused by Zn fertilization were from 3.9 to 3.5 mg g−1 for P and from 10.7 to 9.1 mg g−1 for phytic acid. Irrespective of Zn fertilization, seed phytic acid concentrations showed a large genotypic variation, i.e., from 7 to 12 mg g−1 with Zn fertilization and 8 to 13 mg g−1 at nil Zn treatment. As a result of decreases in phytic acid and increases in Zn concentrations by Zn fertilization, phytic acid to Zn molar ratios in seeds of cultivars markedly decreased. On average for all cultivars, phytic acid to Zn molar ratios decreased from 126 to 56 with Zn fertilization. Seed phytase activity of cultivars was not consistently influenced by varied Zn supply. However, on average for 20 cultivars, Zn fertilization tended to decrease phytase activity. In seeds of four wheat cultivars collected from 55 locations, the concentrations of Zn, P, and phytic acid ranged from 8 to 34 mg kg−1, 2.1 to 4.9 mg g−1, and 5.8 to 14.3 mg kg−1, respectively. Results obtained in the present study indicate that seed Zn concentrations of wheat cultivars grown in different locations of Turkey, especially under Zn-deficient conditions, are very low. Considering very high phytic acid : Zn molar ratios it can be suggested that bioavailability of Zn would be very low for humans.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization increased wheat seed zinc concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Zn-added conditionse0
- Outcome
- seed Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 14 to 23 mg kg−1e0
- Comparator
- Zn-deficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed Zn concentrations showed a range between 7 to 11 mg kg−1 under Zn-deficient and 14 to 23 mg kg−1 under Zn-added conditions”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization reduced seed phosphorus concentration from 3.9 to 3.5 mg g−1 on average.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- seed concentrations of Pe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 3.9 to 3.5 mg g−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc fertilization reduced seed concentrations of P and phytic acid of all cultivars. On average, the reductions caused by Zn fertilization were from 3.9 to 3.5 mg g−1 for P”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization reduced seed phytic acid concentration from 10.7 to 9.1 mg g−1 on average.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- phytic acide0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10.7 to 9.1 mg g−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc fertilization reduced seed concentrations of P and phytic acid of all cultivars. On average, the reductions caused by Zn fertilization were from 3.9 to 3.5 mg g−1 for P and from 10.7 to 9.1 mg g−1 for phytic acid”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed phytic acid concentration varied among wheat genotypes under zinc fertilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- seed phytic acid concentrationse0
- Value
- 7 to 12 mg g−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed phytic acid concentrations showed a large genotypic variation, i.e., from 7 to 12 mg g−1 with Zn fertilization”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed phytic acid concentration varied among wheat genotypes without zinc treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nil Zn treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed phytic acid concentrationse0
- Value
- 8 to 13 mg g−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed phytic acid concentrations showed a large genotypic variation, i.e., from 7 to 12 mg g−1 with Zn fertilization and 8 to 13 mg g−1 at nil Zn treatment”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization decreased wheat seed phytic acid to zinc molar ratios from 126 to 56 on average.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- phytic acid to Zn molar ratiose0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 126 to 56e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytic acid to Zn molar ratios decreased from 126 to 56 with Zn fertilization”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed phytase activity was not consistently influenced by varied zinc supply.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- varied Zn supplye0
- Outcome
- Seed phytase activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed phytase activity of cultivars was not consistently influenced by varied Zn supply”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization tended to decrease phytase activity across the twenty cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- phytase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on average for 20 cultivars, Zn fertilization tended to decrease phytase activity”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed zinc concentrations ranged from 8 to 34 mg kg−1 across locations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Zne0
- Value
- 8 to 34 mg kg−1e0
- Setting
- 55 locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In seeds of four wheat cultivars collected from 55 locations, the concentrations of Zn, P, and phytic acid ranged from 8 to 34 mg kg−1”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed phosphorus concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 4.9 mg g−1 across locations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Value
- 2.1 to 4.9 mg g−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of Zn, P, and phytic acid ranged from 8 to 34 mg kg−1, 2.1 to 4.9 mg g−1”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed phytic acid concentrations ranged from 5.8 to 14.3 mg kg−1 across locations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- phytic acide0
- Value
- 5.8 to 14.3 mg kg−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of Zn, P, and phytic acid ranged from 8 to 34 mg kg−1, 2.1 to 4.9 mg g−1, and 5.8 to 14.3 mg kg−1”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat seed zinc concentrations in Turkey, especially under zinc deficient conditions, were very low.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- seed Zn concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- especially under Zn-deficient conditionse0
- Setting
- Turkeye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed Zn concentrations of wheat cultivars grown in different locations of Turkey, especially under Zn-deficient conditions, are very low”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that zinc bioavailability for humans would be very low given the high phytic acid to zinc ratios.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- bioavailability of Zne0
- Qualifier
- for humanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considering very high phytic acid : Zn molar ratios it can be suggested that bioavailability of Zn would be very low for humans”
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
84 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 111 papers →fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
231 papers in the same direction as this paper · 54 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
284 papers more in this group
See all 288 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.