Abstract
Increasing demands for productivity together with environmental concerns about fertilizer use dictate that the future sustainability of agricultural systems will depend on improving fertilizer use efficiency. Characterization of the biological processes responsible for efficient fertilizer use will provide tools for crop improvement under reduced inputs. Transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches were used to study the impact of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) deficiency on N and S remobilization from senescing canopy tissues during grain filling in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Canopy tissue N was remobilized effectively to the grain after anthesis. S was less readily remobilized. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolite profiling revealed significant effects of suboptimal N or S supply in leaves but not in developing grain. Analysis of amino acid pools in the grain and leaves revealed a strategy whereby amino acid biosynthesis switches to the production of glutamine during grain filling. Glutamine accumulated in the first 7 d of grain development, prior to conversion to other amino acids and protein in the subsequent 21 d. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a down-regulation of the terminal steps in many amino acid biosynthetic pathways occurs to control pools of amino acids during leaf senescence. Grain N and S contents increased in parallel after anthesis and were not significantly affected by S deficiency, despite a suboptimal N:S ratio at final harvest. N deficiency resulted in much slower accumulation of grain N and S and lower final concentrations, indicating that vegetative tissue N has a greater control of the timing and extent of nutrient remobilization than S.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy tissue N was effectively remobilized to wheat grain after anthesis.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- graine1
- Outcome
- Canopy tissue N was remobilized effectively to the graine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“Canopy tissue N was remobilized effectively to the grain after anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur was less readily remobilized than nitrogen.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- S was less readily remobilizede1
- Direction
- less readilye1
- Comparator
- Ne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“S was less readily remobilized”
e2“Canopy tissue N was remobilized effectively to the grain after anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Suboptimal N or S supply significantly affected leaf metabolite profiles.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- suboptimal N or S supplye1
- Outcome
- effectse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“significant effects of suboptimal N or S supply in leaves but not in developing grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Suboptimal N or S supply did not significantly affect developing-grain metabolite profiles.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- developing graine1
- Treatment
- suboptimal N or S supplye1
- Outcome
- effectse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“significant effects of suboptimal N or S supply in leaves but not in developing grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid biosynthesis switched toward glutamine during grain filling.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- grain fillinge1
- Outcome
- amino acid biosynthesis switches to the production of glutaminee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“amino acid biosynthesis switches to the production of glutamine during grain filling”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine accumulated in the first 7 d of grain development.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- grain developmente1
- Outcome
- Glutamine accumulatede1
- Value
- 7 de1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“Glutamine accumulated in the first 7 d of grain development”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine was converted to other amino acids and protein over the subsequent 21 d.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- conversion to other amino acids and proteine1
- Value
- 21 de1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“prior to conversion to other amino acids and protein in the subsequent 21 d”
Claim · model-written summary
Terminal steps of many amino acid biosynthetic pathways were downregulated during leaf senescence.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leaf senescencee1
- Outcome
- down-regulation of the terminal steps in many amino acid biosynthetic pathwayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“down-regulation of the terminal steps in many amino acid biosynthetic pathways occurs to control pools of amino acids during leaf senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N and S contents rose in parallel after anthesis.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- Graine1
- Outcome
- Grain N and S contentse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“Grain N and S contents increased in parallel after anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
S deficiency did not significantly affect grain N and S content.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- S deficiencye1
- Outcome
- Grain N and S contentse1
- Direction
- not significantly affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“Grain N and S contents increased in parallel after anthesis and were not significantly affected by S deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
N deficiency slowed grain N accumulation.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N deficiencye1
- Outcome
- accumulation of grain Ne1
- Direction
- much slowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“N deficiency resulted in much slower accumulation of grain N and S and lower final concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
N deficiency slowed grain S accumulation.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N deficiencye1
- Outcome
- grain N and Se1
- Direction
- much slowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“N deficiency resulted in much slower accumulation of grain N and S and lower final concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
N deficiency lowered final grain N and S concentrations.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N deficiencye1
- Outcome
- final concentrationse1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“N deficiency resulted in much slower accumulation of grain N and S and lower final concentrations”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
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113 papers in the same direction as this paper · 49 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- negative
- positive
- positive
162 papers more in this group
See all 166 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.