Abstract
Auxin is an essential hormone for plant growth and development. Auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX transport auxin into the cell, while auxin efflux carriers PIN pump it out of the cell. It is well established that efflux carriers play an important role in the shoot vascular patterning, yet the contribution of influx carriers to the shoot vasculature remains unknown. Here, we combined theoretical and experimental approaches to decipher the role of auxin influx carriers in the patterning and differentiation of vascular tissues in the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem. Our theoretical analysis predicts that influx carriers facilitate periodic patterning and modulate the periodicity of auxin maxima. In agreement, we observed fewer and more spaced vascular bundles in quadruple mutants plants of the auxin influx carriers aux1lax1lax2lax3. Furthermore, we show AUX1/LAX carriers promote xylem differentiation in both the shoot and the root tissues. Influx carriers increase cytoplasmic auxin signaling, and thereby differentiation. In addition to this cytoplasmic role of auxin, our computational simulations propose a role for extracellular auxin as an inhibitor of xylem differentiation. Altogether, our study shows that auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX regulate vascular patterning and differentiation in plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Theoretical analysis predicts that auxin influx carriers facilitate periodic vascular patterning.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Gene
- influx carrierse0
- Outcome
- periodic patterninge0
- Direction
- facilitatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our theoretical analysis predicts that influx carriers facilitate periodic patterning”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Theoretical analysis predicts that influx carriers modulate the periodicity of auxin maxima.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- influx carrierse0
- Outcome
- periodicity of auxin maximae0
- Direction
- modulatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“influx carriers facilitate periodic patterning and modulate the periodicity of auxin maxima”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis aux1lax1lax2lax3 quadruple mutants had fewer vascular bundles.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- quadruple mutants plantse0
- Gene
- aux1lax1lax2lax3e0
- Outcome
- vascular bundlese0
- Direction
- fewere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we observed fewer and more spaced vascular bundles in quadruple mutants plants of the auxin influx carriers aux1lax1lax2lax3”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis aux1lax1lax2lax3 quadruple mutants had more spaced vascular bundles.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- quadruple mutants plantse0
- Gene
- aux1lax1lax2lax3e0
- Outcome
- vascular bundlese0
- Direction
- more spacede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we observed fewer and more spaced vascular bundles in quadruple mutants plants of the auxin influx carriers aux1lax1lax2lax3”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
AUX1/LAX carriers promote xylem differentiation in shoot tissue.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Gene
- AUX1/LAX carrierse0
- Outcome
- xylem differentiatione0
- Direction
- promotee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AUX1/LAX carriers promote xylem differentiation in both the shoot and the root tissues”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
AUX1/LAX carriers promote xylem differentiation in root tissue.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- root tissuese0
- Gene
- AUX1/LAX carrierse0
- Outcome
- xylem differentiatione0
- Direction
- promotee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AUX1/LAX carriers promote xylem differentiation in both the shoot and the root tissues”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin influx carriers increase cytoplasmic auxin signaling.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- Influx carrierse0
- Outcome
- cytoplasmic auxin signalinge0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Influx carriers increase cytoplasmic auxin signaling, and thereby differentiation.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased cytoplasmic auxin signaling promotes differentiation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- differentiatione0
- Qualifier
- cytoplasmic auxin signalinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Influx carriers increase cytoplasmic auxin signaling, and thereby differentiation.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Computational simulations propose extracellular auxin inhibits xylem differentiation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Compound
- extracellular auxine0
- Outcome
- xylem differentiatione0
- Direction
- inhibitore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“our computational simulations propose a role for extracellular auxin as an inhibitor of xylem differentiation”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”