Abstract
Plant growth regulators, such as hormones and their respective biosynthesis inhibitors, are effective tools to elucidate the physiological function of phytohormones in plants. A problem of chemical treatments, however, is the potential for interaction of the active compound with the growth media substrate. We studied the interaction and efficacy of propiconazole, a potent and specific inhibitor of brassinosteroid biosynthesis, with common soilless greenhouse growth media for rice, sorghum, and maize. Many of the tested growth media interacted with propiconazole reducing its efficacy up to a hundred fold. To determine the molecular interaction of inhibitors with media substrates, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and sorption isotherm analysis was applied. While mica clay substrates absorbed up to 1.3 mg of propiconazole per g substrate, calcined clays bound up to 12 mg of propiconazole per g substrate. The efficacy of the gibberellic acid biosynthesis inhibitor, uniconazole, and the most active brassinosteroid, brassinolide, was impacted similarly by the respective substrates. Conversely, gibberellic acid showed no distinct growth response in different media. Our results suggest that the reduction in efficacy of propiconazole, uniconazole, and brassinolide in bioassays when grown in calcined clay is caused by hydrophobic interactions between the plant growth regulators and the growth media. This was further confirmed by experiments using methanol-water solvent mixes with higher hydrophobicity values, which reduce the interaction of propiconazole and calcined clay.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Growth media reduced propiconazole efficacy by up to a hundred fold.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- tested growth mediae0
- Outcome
- propiconazole reducing its efficacye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- a hundred folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Many of the tested growth media interacted with propiconazole reducing its efficacy up to a hundred fold”
t0“rice, sorghum, and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Mica clay absorbed up to 1.3 mg propiconazole per g substrate.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“mica clay substrates absorbed up to 1.3 mg of propiconazole per g substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcined clays bound up to 12 mg propiconazole per g substrate.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“calcined clays bound up to 12 mg of propiconazole per g substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrates similarly affected uniconazole efficacy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- respective substratese0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Qualifier
- uniconazolee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of the gibberellic acid biosynthesis inhibitor, uniconazole, and the most active brassinosteroid, brassinolide, was impacted similarly by the respective substrates”
e1“rice, sorghum, and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrates similarly affected brassinolide efficacy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- respective substratese0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Qualifier
- brassinolidee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of the gibberellic acid biosynthesis inhibitor, uniconazole, and the most active brassinosteroid, brassinolide, was impacted similarly by the respective substrates”
e1“rice, sorghum, and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid showed no distinct growth response across media.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- growth responsee0
- Direction
- no distincte0
- Comparator
- different mediae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellic acid showed no distinct growth response in different media”
e1“rice, sorghum, and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrophobic interactions were proposed to explain reduced regulator efficacy in calcined clay.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- reduction in efficacye0
- Qualifier
- hydrophobic interactions between the plant growth regulators and the growth mediae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction in efficacy of propiconazole, uniconazole, and brassinolide in bioassays when grown in calcined clay is caused by hydrophobic interactions between the plant growth regulators and the growth media”
e1“rice, sorghum, and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
More hydrophobic methanol-water mixes reduced propiconazole interaction with calcined clay.
- Treatment
- methanol-water solvent mixes with higher hydrophobicity valuese0
- Outcome
- interaction of propiconazole and calcined claye0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“methanol-water solvent mixes with higher hydrophobicity values, which reduce the interaction of propiconazole and calcined clay”
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Gibberellic acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.