Abstract
Abstract Enolpyruvylshikimate phosphate (EPSP) synthase activity has been measured in different organs of 1–14‐day‐old wheat seedlings growing in culture chambers. Enzyme activity was first detected after two days, and reached its maximum value at day 4. It remained almost unchanged for 14 days thereafter. During germination, one of the most important sources of enzyme was the seed scutellum. Later, the developed leaves contained 43% of the whole stock of enzyme. Although the enzyme distribution was not identical under light or in the dark, there was no evident light induction of EPSP synthase. High enzyme activity was found in the coleoptile, continuing for the whole life‐time of this organ, and which might be associated with its lignification. Five to 40% of the total enzyme was found in the roots, reaching a maximum at 14 days. At this stage, glyphosate applied to the first grown leaf was phloem‐transported to the sink organs, with no clear relationship being shown between EPSP synthase activity and herbicide quantity in each organ. At day 4, glyphosate treatment, by soaking the seedlings in the herbicide solution, was followed by an active phloem transport from the scutellum to the growing parts. The average internal concentration of radiolabelled compounds (glyphosate plus its possible derivatives) which induced wheat seedling growth decrease, was shown to reach 50 to 100 μM under our conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
EPSP synthase activity first appeared after two days.
- Taxon
- wheat plants
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- Enzyme activitye0
- Value
- two dayse0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enzyme activity was first detected after two days”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EPSP synthase activity peaked at day 4.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- maximum valuee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- day 4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reached its maximum value at day 4”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EPSP synthase activity remained almost unchanged thereafter.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- unchangede0
- Direction
- unchangede0
- Value
- 14 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It remained almost unchanged for 14 days thereafter”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The seed scutellum was an important EPSP synthase source during germination.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seed scutellume0
- Outcome
- most important sources of enzymee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During germination, one of the most important sources of enzyme was the seed scutellum”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Developed leaves contained 43% of total enzyme.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- developed leavese0
- Outcome
- whole stock of enzymee0
- Value
- 43%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the developed leaves contained 43% of the whole stock of enzyme”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme distribution differed between light and dark conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- lighte0
- Outcome
- enzyme distributione0
- Direction
- not identicale0
- Comparator
- darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the enzyme distribution was not identical under light or in the dark”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Light showed no evident induction of EPSP synthase.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- lighte0
- Gene
- EPSP synthasee0
- Outcome
- light induction of EPSP synthasee0
- Direction
- no evidente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no evident light induction of EPSP synthase”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Coleoptiles had high enzyme activity throughout their life.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilee0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- Highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High enzyme activity was found in the coleoptile, continuing for the whole life‐time of this organ”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots contained 5 to 40% of total enzyme and peaked at 14 days.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- total enzymee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- Five to 40%e0
- Qualifier
- 14 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five to 40% of the total enzyme was found in the roots, reaching a maximum at 14 days”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied to the first grown leaf moved through phloem to sink organs at day 14.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- sink organse0
- Treatment
- glyphosate applied to the first grown leafe0
- Outcome
- phloem‐transported to the sink organse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At this stage, glyphosate applied to the first grown leaf was phloem‐transported to the sink organs”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Organ glyphosate amount had no clear relationship with EPSP synthase activity.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- EPSP synthasee0
- Outcome
- herbicide quantity in each organe0
- Direction
- no clear relationshipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no clear relationship being shown between EPSP synthase activity and herbicide quantity in each organ”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soaked glyphosate moved actively from scutellum to growing parts at day 4.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- scutellume0
- Treatment
- glyphosate treatment, by soaking the seedlings in the herbicide solutione0
- Outcome
- active phloem transport from the scutellum to the growing partse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At day 4, glyphosate treatment, by soaking the seedlings in the herbicide solution, was followed by an active phloem transport from the scutellum to the growing parts”
t0“Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth reducing radiolabelled compound concentration reached 50 to 100 μM.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- average internal concentration of radiolabelled compoundse0
- Value
- 50 to 100 μMe0
- Qualifier
- wheat seedling growth decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average internal concentration of radiolabelled compounds (glyphosate plus its possible derivatives) which induced wheat seedling growth decrease, was shown to reach 50 to 100 μM”
The same questions in other papers
light · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.