Abstract
The effects of various light intensities and spectral compositions on glutathione and amino acid metabolism were compared in wheat. Increase of light intensity (low-normal-high) was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the shoot fresh weight, photosynthetic activity and glutathione content. These parameters were also affected by the modification of the ratios of blue, red and far-red components (referred to as blue, pink and far-red lights) compared to normal white light. The photosynthetic activity and the glutathione content decreased to 50% and the percentage of glutathione disulfide (characterising the redox state of the tissues) in the total glutathione pool doubled in far-red light. The alterations in the level and redox state of the antioxidant glutathione resulted from the effect of light on its synthesis as it could be concluded from the changes in the transcription of the related genes. Modification of the light conditions also greatly affected both the amount and the ratio of free amino acids. The total free amino acid content was greatly induced by the increase of light intensity and was greatly reduced in pink light compared to the normal intensity white light. The concentrations of most amino acids were similarly affected by the light conditions as described for the total free amino acid content but Pro, Met, Thr, ornithine and cystathionine showed unique response to light. As observed for the amino acid levels, the expression of several genes involved in their metabolism also enhanced due to increased light intensity. Interestingly, the modification of the spectrum greatly inhibited the expression of most of these genes. Correlation analysis of the investigated parameters indicates that changes in the light conditions may affect growth through the adjustment of photosynthesis and the glutathione-dependent redox state of the tissues. This process modifies the metabolism of glutathione and amino acids at transcriptional level.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing light intensity increased wheat shoot fresh weight.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Increase of light intensity (low-normal-high)e0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase of light intensity (low-normal-high) was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the shoot fresh weight, photosynthetic activity and glutathione content”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing light intensity increased wheat photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increase of light intensity (low-normal-high)e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase of light intensity (low-normal-high) was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the shoot fresh weight, photosynthetic activity and glutathione content”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing light intensity increased glutathione content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increase of light intensity (low-normal-high)e0
- Outcome
- glutathione contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase of light intensity (low-normal-high) was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the shoot fresh weight, photosynthetic activity and glutathione content”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing spectral ratios affected shoot weight, photosynthesis, and glutathione content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- modification of the ratios of blue, red and far-red componentse0
- Outcome
- These parameterse0
- Comparator
- normal white lighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These parameters were also affected by the modification of the ratios of blue, red and far-red components (referred to as blue, pink and far-red lights) compared to normal white light”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light halved photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic activity and the glutathione content decreased to 50% and the percentage of glutathione disulfide (characterising the redox state of the tissues) in the total glutathione pool doubled in far-red light”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light halved glutathione content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte0
- Outcome
- glutathione contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic activity and the glutathione content decreased to 50% and the percentage of glutathione disulfide (characterising the redox state of the tissues) in the total glutathione pool doubled in far-red light”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light doubled the glutathione disulfide fraction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte0
- Outcome
- percentage of glutathione disulfidee0
- Direction
- doublede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of glutathione disulfide (characterising the redox state of the tissues) in the total glutathione pool doubled in far-red light”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Light affected glutathione synthesis as indicated by related gene transcription changes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- level and redox state of the antioxidant glutathionee0
- Qualifier
- effect of light on its synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The alterations in the level and redox state of the antioxidant glutathione resulted from the effect of light on its synthesis as it could be concluded from the changes in the transcription of the related genes”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified light conditions altered free amino acid amounts and ratios.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Modification of the light conditionse0
- Outcome
- amount and the ratio of free amino acidse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Modification of the light conditions also greatly affected both the amount and the ratio of free amino acids”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing light intensity induced total free amino acid content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase of light intensitye0
- Outcome
- total free amino acid contente0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total free amino acid content was greatly induced by the increase of light intensity”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pink light reduced total free amino acid content relative to normal white light.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pink lighte0
- Outcome
- total free amino acid contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- normal intensity white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total free amino acid content was greatly induced by the increase of light intensity and was greatly reduced in pink light compared to the normal intensity white light”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Most individual amino acids responded to light similarly to total free amino acids.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- concentrations of most amino acidse0
- Direction
- similarly affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of most amino acids were similarly affected by the light conditions as described for the total free amino acid content”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pro, Met, and Thr had distinct responses to light.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Pro, Met, Thre0
- Qualifier
- unique response to lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pro, Met, Thr, ornithine and cystathionine showed unique response to light”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ornithine and cystathionine had distinct responses to light.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ornithine and cystathioninee0
- Qualifier
- unique response to lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pro, Met, Thr, ornithine and cystathionine showed unique response to light”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing light intensity enhanced expression of amino acid metabolism genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased light intensitye0
- Outcome
- expression of several genes involved in their metabolisme0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of several genes involved in their metabolism also enhanced due to increased light intensity”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spectral modification inhibited expression of most amino acid metabolism genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- modification of the spectrume0
- Outcome
- expression of most of these genese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the modification of the spectrum greatly inhibited the expression of most of these genes”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Light-associated growth change may operate through photosynthesis and glutathione redox adjustments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- adjustment of photosynthesis and the glutathione-dependent redox state of the tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the light conditions may affect growth through the adjustment of photosynthesis and the glutathione-dependent redox state of the tissues”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed response modifies glutathione and amino acid metabolism at the transcriptional level.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- metabolism of glutathione and amino acidse0
- Qualifier
- transcriptional levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This process modifies the metabolism of glutathione and amino acids at transcriptional level”
t0“in wheat”
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See all 85 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.