Abstract
Lettuce (L. sativa L. ‘Jianye Xianfeng No. 1’) seeds can exhibit both photodormancy and thermodormancy (thermoinhibition); however, the mechanism for thermoinhibition of seed germination is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the response of lettuce seed germination to temperature and light, the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), potassium ferricyanide (Fe(III)CN), nitrite, nitrate and NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO) on the thermoinhibition of seed germination, and the inhibiting role of PTIO on SNP, Fe(III)CN, and acidified nitrite to determine the mechanisms of thermoinhibition of seed germination. Our data showed that the optimal temperature for Jianye Xianfeng No. 1 lettuce seed germination was 13–15 °C in darkness, and 11–19 °C in light. The thermoinhibition of seed germination could be decreased by SNP, Fe(III)CN, nitrite and nitrate in light and by nitrite and nitrate in darkness. Changes in lettuce seed germination caused by PTIO at 1–200 μM were not observed at the optimal temperatures. Germination was increased by PTIO at 1–100 μM and was decreased by PTIO at 200 μM in light at 23 °C, and that was gradually decreased by 1–200 μM in darkness at 17 °C. In light, SNP, Fe(III)CN and vapours produced by SNP, Fe(III)CN and acidified nitrite could effectively decrease the thermoinhibition of seed germination, and these promoting effects were inhibited by PTIO at 200 μM. In darkness, nitrate and nitrite at 5 and 10 mM plus PTIO stimulated the germination of seeds. Our data show that thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination is temperature- and light-dependent, was decreased by SNP, Fe(III)CN, nitrite and nitrate in a nitric oxide-dependent manner in light.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal temperature for lettuce seed germination in darkness was 13–15 °C.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Material
- Jianye Xianfeng No. 1e0
- Outcome
- optimal temperature for Jianye Xianfeng No. 1 lettuce seed germinatione1
- Value
- 13–15 °Ce1
- Qualifier
- in darknesse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e0“Lettuce (L. sativa L. ‘Jianye Xianfeng No. 1’) seeds”
e1“the optimal temperature for Jianye Xianfeng No. 1 lettuce seed germination was 13–15 °C in darkness, and 11–19 °C in light”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal temperature for lettuce seed germination in light was 11–19 °C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Material
- Jianye Xianfeng No. 1e0
- Outcome
- optimal temperature for Jianye Xianfeng No. 1 lettuce seed germinatione1
- Value
- 11–19 °Ce1
- Qualifier
- in lighte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e0“Lettuce (L. sativa L. ‘Jianye Xianfeng No. 1’) seeds”
e1“the optimal temperature for Jianye Xianfeng No. 1 lettuce seed germination was 13–15 °C in darkness, and 11–19 °C in light”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP and Fe(III)CN decreased thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination in light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- SNP, Fe(III)CNe2
- Outcome
- thermoinhibition of seed germinatione2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- in lighte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e2“The thermoinhibition of seed germination could be decreased by SNP, Fe(III)CN, nitrite and nitrate in light and by nitrite and nitrate in darkness”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrite and nitrate decreased thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination in light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrite and nitratee2
- Outcome
- thermoinhibition of seed germinatione2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- in lighte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e2“The thermoinhibition of seed germination could be decreased by SNP, Fe(III)CN, nitrite and nitrate in light and by nitrite and nitrate in darkness”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrite and nitrate decreased thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination in darkness.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrite and nitratee2
- Outcome
- thermoinhibition of seed germinatione2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- in darknesse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e2“The thermoinhibition of seed germination could be decreased by SNP, Fe(III)CN, nitrite and nitrate in light and by nitrite and nitrate in darkness”
Claim · model-written summary
PTIO at 1–200 μM caused no change in lettuce seed germination at the optimal temperatures.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- PTIO at 1–200 μMe3
- Outcome
- Changes in lettuce seed germinatione3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Qualifier
- at the optimal temperaturese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e3“Changes in lettuce seed germination caused by PTIO at 1–200 μM were not observed at the optimal temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
PTIO at 1–100 μM increased lettuce seed germination in light at 23 °C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- PTIO at 1–100 μMe4
- Outcome
- Germinatione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Setting
- in light at 23 °Ce4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e4“Germination was increased by PTIO at 1–100 μM and was decreased by PTIO at 200 μM in light at 23 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
PTIO at 200 μM decreased lettuce seed germination in light at 23 °C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- PTIO at 200 μMe4
- Outcome
- Germinatione4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Setting
- in light at 23 °Ce4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e4“Germination was increased by PTIO at 1–100 μM and was decreased by PTIO at 200 μM in light at 23 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
PTIO at 1–200 μM gradually decreased lettuce seed germination in darkness at 17 °C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 1–200 μMe5
- Outcome
- Germinatione5
- Direction
- gradually decreasede5
- Setting
- in darkness at 17 °Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e5“Germination was increased by PTIO at 1–100 μM and was decreased by PTIO at 200 μM in light at 23 °C, and that was gradually decreased by 1–200 μM in darkness at 17 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Vapours produced by SNP, Fe(III)CN and acidified nitrite decreased thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination in light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- vapours produced by SNP, Fe(III)CN and acidified nitritee6
- Outcome
- thermoinhibition of seed germinatione6
- Direction
- decreasee6
- Setting
- In lighte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e6“In light, SNP, Fe(III)CN and vapours produced by SNP, Fe(III)CN and acidified nitrite could effectively decrease the thermoinhibition of seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
PTIO at 200 μM inhibited the promoting effects of the NO donors on lettuce seed germination in light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- PTIO at 200 μMe7
- Outcome
- these promoting effectse7
- Direction
- inhibitede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e7“these promoting effects were inhibited by PTIO at 200 μM”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate and nitrite at 5 and 10 mM plus PTIO stimulated lettuce seed germination in darkness.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrate and nitrite at 5 and 10 mM plus PTIOe7
- Outcome
- the germination of seedse7
- Direction
- stimulatede7
- Setting
- In darknesse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e7“In darkness, nitrate and nitrite at 5 and 10 mM plus PTIO stimulated the germination of seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination is temperature- and light-dependent.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germinatione7
- Qualifier
- temperature- and light-dependente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce seed germination”
e7“Our data show that thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination is temperature- and light-dependent”
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