Abstract
• Application of Fe-EDDHA could induce zinc deficiency in citrus in calcareous soil. • Fe and Zn played different roles on citrus fruit yield improvement in calcareous soil. • Zn was more important factor than Fe on citrus fruit quality parameters. • Co-application of Fe-EDDHA and Zn could raise yield and quality of citrus in calcareous soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate citrus tissue's response to varying applications of Fe-EDDHA, zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) combinations and the resulting effects on citrus fruit yield and quality in calcareous soil. A field experiment was conducted for three years with satsuma mandarin trees planted in calcareous soil. Four treatments were conducted: (i) control; (ii) soil Fe application; (iii) soil Fe + Zn application; and (iv) soil Fe + Zn + Mn application. Soil available Fe and Zn concentrations were raised through the application of Fe-EDDHA and Zn, whereas the soil available Mn concentration was not increased through the application of Mn. Applying Fe-EDDHA raised the leaf active Fe content significantly without influencing the leaf and fruit Fe concentrations. The Zn concentrations in leaf and fruit decreased when Fe-EDDHA was applied exclusively, but increased when Fe + Zn and Fe + Zn + Mn were applied in the third year. There was no significant difference in leaf and fruit Mn concentrations among all treatments between 2010 and 2012. Soil Fe, Fe + Zn and Fe + Zn + Mn application increased fruit number by 23.5%, 26.7% and 24.9%, respectively, and soil Fe + Zn application increased the yield in 2012. Fruit TSS, TA and Vc content were higher through the application of Fe + Zn and Fe + Zn + Mn in 2012. The results revealed that Fe and Zn play different roles that affect fruit yield and quality in calcareous soil. The citrus yield was mainly affected by Fe, whereas fruit quality was improved by Zn. The application of Fe-EDDHA alone could induce Zn deficiency, so the co-application of Fe-EDDHA and Zn fertilizer was useful for obtaining higher yield and quality in satsuma mandarin in calcareous soil.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-EDDHA and Zn application raised available soil Fe and Zn, respectively.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarin
Citrus unshiut0 - Treatment
- Fe-EDDHA and Zne0
- Outcome
- Soil available Fe and Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil available Fe and Zn concentrations were raised through the application of Fe-EDDHA and Zn”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn application did not increase available soil Mn.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- application of Mne0
- Outcome
- soil available Mn concentratione0
- Direction
- not increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil available Mn concentration was not increased through the application of Mn”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-EDDHA significantly raised leaf active Fe content.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- Fe-EDDHAe0
- Outcome
- leaf active Fe contente0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying Fe-EDDHA raised the leaf active Fe content significantly”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-EDDHA did not influence leaf and fruit Fe concentrations.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- Fe-EDDHAe0
- Outcome
- leaf and fruit Fe concentrationse0
- Direction
- without influencinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying Fe-EDDHA raised the leaf active Fe content significantly without influencing the leaf and fruit Fe concentrations”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exclusive Fe-EDDHA application decreased leaf and fruit Zn concentrations.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- Fe-EDDHA was applied exclusivelye0
- Outcome
- Zn concentrations in leaf and fruite0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Zn concentrations in leaf and fruit decreased when Fe-EDDHA was applied exclusively”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe + Zn application increased leaf and fruit Zn concentrations in year three.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- Fe + Zne0
- Outcome
- Zn concentrations in leaf and fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- third yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Zn concentrations in leaf and fruit decreased when Fe-EDDHA was applied exclusively, but increased when Fe + Zn and Fe + Zn + Mn were applied in the third year”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe + Zn + Mn application increased leaf and fruit Zn concentrations in year three.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- Fe + Zn + Mne0
- Outcome
- Zn concentrations in leaf and fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- third yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Zn concentrations in leaf and fruit decreased when Fe-EDDHA was applied exclusively, but increased when Fe + Zn and Fe + Zn + Mn were applied in the third year”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and fruit Mn concentrations did not differ significantly among treatments from 2010 to 2012.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Outcome
- leaf and fruit Mn concentrationse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Qualifier
- between 2010 and 2012e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in leaf and fruit Mn concentrations among all treatments between 2010 and 2012”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Fe application increased fruit number by 23.5%.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- Soil Fee0
- Outcome
- fruit numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil Fe, Fe + Zn and Fe + Zn + Mn application increased fruit number by 23.5%, 26.7% and 24.9%, respectively”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Fe + Zn application increased fruit number by 26.7%.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- Fe + Zne0
- Outcome
- fruit numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil Fe, Fe + Zn and Fe + Zn + Mn application increased fruit number by 23.5%, 26.7% and 24.9%, respectively”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Fe + Zn + Mn application increased fruit number by 24.9%.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- Fe + Zn + Mne0
- Outcome
- fruit numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil Fe, Fe + Zn and Fe + Zn + Mn application increased fruit number by 23.5%, 26.7% and 24.9%, respectively”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Fe + Zn application increased fruit yield in 2012.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- soil Fe + Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2012e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil Fe + Zn application increased the yield in 2012”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe + Zn application raised fruit TSS, TA and Vc content in 2012.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- Fe + Zne0
- Outcome
- Fruit TSS, TA and Vc contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 2012e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit TSS, TA and Vc content were higher through the application of Fe + Zn and Fe + Zn + Mn in 2012”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe + Zn + Mn application raised fruit TSS, TA and Vc content in 2012.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- Fe + Zn + Mne0
- Outcome
- Fruit TSS, TA and Vc contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 2012e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit TSS, TA and Vc content were higher through the application of Fe + Zn and Fe + Zn + Mn in 2012”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend co-applying Fe-EDDHA and Zn fertilizer for higher yield and quality.
- Taxon
- satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- co-application of Fe-EDDHA and Zn fertilizere0
- Outcome
- higher yield and qualitye0
- Setting
- calcareous soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the co-application of Fe-EDDHA and Zn fertilizer was useful for obtaining higher yield and quality in satsuma mandarin in calcareous soil”
t0“satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)”
The same questions in other papers
manganese atom · nutrient: content · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
zinc atom · nutrient: content · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
zinc atom · yield · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
zinc atom · quality: sugar starch · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.