Abstract
Abstract Trials for the control of soil pests, particularly of termites (Isoptera: Termiti-dae), in groundnuts ( Arachis hypogaea ) in India and Sudan used chlorpyrifos and isofenphos granules, chlorpyrifos, phorate, carbosulfan and carbofuran in controlled release formulations, and chlorpyrifos seed dressing. Their effects on foliar pests were also noted. Chlorpyrifos controlled release pellets were as effective as aldrin, used as a standard, in reducing root and pod attack and, like aldrin, doubled yields. Isofenphos and chlorpyrifos granules increased yields and reduced pod damage, but to a lesser extent. Other treatments were less effective. Carbosulfan and phorate controlled release and isofenphos granules reduced leaf miner attack. These trials establish the efficacy of controlling termites and other soil pests with controlled release formulations of otherwise non-persistent insecticides. However, the expensive formulation is unlikely to be cost-effective for rural farmers in developing countries and, in the case of chlorpyrifos, residue levels in kernels may be unacceptable. Future work should investigate other insecticides in the formulation and development of cheaper controlled release matrices.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos controlled release pellets reduced groundnut root and pod attack as effectively as aldrin.
- Taxon
- groundnuts
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- Chlorpyrifos controlled release pelletse0
- Outcome
- root and pod attacke0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- aldrine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorpyrifos controlled release pellets were as effective as aldrin, used as a standard, in reducing root and pod attack and, like aldrin, doubled yields.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos controlled release pellets doubled groundnut yields, like aldrin.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Chlorpyrifos controlled release pelletse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- doublede0
- Comparator
- aldrine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorpyrifos controlled release pellets were as effective as aldrin, used as a standard, in reducing root and pod attack and, like aldrin, doubled yields.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Isofenphos granules increased groundnut yields to a lesser extent.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Isofenphose0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isofenphos and chlorpyrifos granules increased yields and reduced pod damage, but to a lesser extent.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Isofenphos granules reduced groundnut pod damage to a lesser extent.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Isofenphose0
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isofenphos and chlorpyrifos granules increased yields and reduced pod damage, but to a lesser extent.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorpyrifos granules increased groundnut yields to a lesser extent.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifose0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isofenphos and chlorpyrifos granules increased yields and reduced pod damage, but to a lesser extent.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorpyrifos granules reduced groundnut pod damage to a lesser extent.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifose0
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isofenphos and chlorpyrifos granules increased yields and reduced pod damage, but to a lesser extent.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Other insecticide treatments were less effective in the groundnut trials.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- less effectivee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other treatments were less effective.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan controlled release reduced leaf miner attack on groundnuts.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Carbosulfane0
- Interactor
- leaf minere0pest
- Outcome
- leaf miner attacke0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbosulfan and phorate controlled release and isofenphos granules reduced leaf miner attack.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
phorate controlled release reduced leaf miner attack on groundnuts.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- phoratee0
- Interactor
- leaf minere0pest
- Outcome
- leaf miner attacke0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbosulfan and phorate controlled release and isofenphos granules reduced leaf miner attack.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
isofenphos granules reduced leaf miner attack on groundnuts.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- isofenphos granulese0
- Interactor
- leaf minere0pest
- Outcome
- leaf miner attacke0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbosulfan and phorate controlled release and isofenphos granules reduced leaf miner attack.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
The controlled release formulation is unlikely to be cost effective for rural farmers in developing countries.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- unlikely to be cost-effectivee0
- Qualifier
- rural farmerse0
- Setting
- developing countriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expensive formulation is unlikely to be cost-effective for rural farmers in developing countries and, in the case of chlorpyrifos, residue levels in kernels may be unacceptable.”
t0“groundnuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos residues in groundnut kernels may be unacceptable.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifose0
- Outcome
- residue levels in kernelse0
- Qualifier
- may be unacceptablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expensive formulation is unlikely to be cost-effective for rural farmers in developing countries and, in the case of chlorpyrifos, residue levels in kernels may be unacceptable.”
t0“groundnuts”
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See all 683 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.