Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies in the diet of many people are common and wheat is a staple food crop, providing a carbohydrate and micronutrient source to a large percentage of the world’s population. We conducted a field study to compare five Canadian red spring wheat cultivars (released over the last century) grown under organic and conventional management systems for yield, grain micronutrient concentration, and soil phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profile. The organic system had higher grain Zn, Fe, Mg and K levels, but lower Se and Cu levels. There was no trend in the results to suggest that modern western Canadian hard red spring cultivars have lower grain micronutrient content than historical cultivars. Wheat cultivar choice is important for maximizing grain nutrient levels, which was influenced by management system. It is evident that the emphasis on elevated grain quality in the western Canadian hard red spring class has resulted in the retention of micronutrient quality characters. Three fungal PLFAs were indicators for the organic system, and all three of these indicators were positively correlated with grain Cu concentration. In the organic system, percent arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were negatively correlated with grain Zn and Fe concentrations, and positively correlated with grain Mn, Cu, K concentrations and grain yield. The organic system had higher levels of fungi in the soil, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Organic management practices appear to result in elevated levels of grain micronutrient concentration. The hard red spring breeding effort in and for the black soil zone of the northern Great Plains also appears to have led to no diminishment of grain micronutrient concentration. It is evident that both the agronomic system and breeding strategies in this region can be exploited for future increases in grain micronutrient concentration.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Organic management raised grain Zn, Fe, Mg, and K levels.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- organic systeme0
- Outcome
- grain Zn, Fe, Mg and K levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventionalt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The organic system had higher grain Zn, Fe, Mg and K levels, but lower Se and Cu levels.”
t0“Wheat Cultivars Grown Organically and Conventionally”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic management lowered grain Se and Cu levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organic systeme0
- Outcome
- Se and Cu levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- conventionalt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The organic system had higher grain Zn, Fe, Mg and K levels, but lower Se and Cu levels.”
t0“Wheat Cultivars Grown Organically and Conventionally”
Claim · model-written summary
Modern cultivars showed no trend of lower grain micronutrients relative to historical cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- modern western Canadian hard red spring cultivarse0
- Outcome
- grain micronutrient contente0
- Direction
- no trende0
- Comparator
- historical cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no trend in the results to suggest that modern western Canadian hard red spring cultivars have lower grain micronutrient content than historical cultivars.”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar choice influenced grain nutrient levels in a way dependent on management.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Treatment
- management systeme0
- Outcome
- grain nutrient levelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat cultivar choice is important for maximizing grain nutrient levels, which was influenced by management system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three fungal PLFAs indicated the organic system and were positively correlated with grain Cu.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organic systeme0
- Interactor
- fungale0other
- Outcome
- grain Cu concentratione0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- Three fungal PLFAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three fungal PLFAs were indicators for the organic system, and all three of these indicators were positively correlated with grain Cu concentration.”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
In organic wheat, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal percentage correlated negatively with grain Zn and Fe.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organic systeme0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain Zn and Fe concentrationse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the organic system, percent arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were negatively correlated with grain Zn and Fe concentrations, and positively correlated with grain Mn, Cu, K concentrations and grain yield.”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
In organic wheat, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal percentage correlated positively with grain Mn, Cu, and K.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organic systeme0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain Mn, Cu, K concentrationse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the organic system, percent arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were negatively correlated with grain Zn and Fe concentrations, and positively correlated with grain Mn, Cu, K concentrations and grain yield.”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
In organic wheat, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal percentage correlated positively with grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organic systeme0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the organic system, percent arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were negatively correlated with grain Zn and Fe concentrations, and positively correlated with grain Mn, Cu, K concentrations and grain yield.”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic soil contained more fungi, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organic systeme0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of fungi in the soile0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventionalt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The organic system had higher levels of fungi in the soil, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.”
t0“Wheat Cultivars Grown Organically and Conventionally”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that organic management can elevate grain micronutrients.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Organic management practicese0
- Outcome
- grain micronutrient concentratione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic management practices appear to result in elevated levels of grain micronutrient concentration.”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors see management and breeding as routes to higher grain micronutrient concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- future increases in grain micronutrient concentratione0
- Setting
- this regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both the agronomic system and breeding strategies in this region can be exploited for future increases in grain micronutrient concentration”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.