Abstract
Abiotic stress is limiting to tea productivity. The severity and duration of the abiotic stress are critical, as it has multifarious effects on crop plants. The tea plant is commonly grown in rain-fed ecosystems and thus it encounters seasonal water deficit conditions that induce loss in crop yield. In this review, we have highlighted the effects of abiotic stress (drought, metal etc.) on the growth, mineral nutrition, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant metabolism in tea plants. This article also highlights the mechanism of drought stress amelioration in tea plants on a physiological and biochemical basis. Drought stress caused increased water loss rate (WLR) and decrease in relative water content (RWC), dry mass, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and total phenolic contents of leaf and antioxidants like ascorbate and glutathione in tea. Leaf antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, CAT, GR, etc.) showed differential activities whereas there was increase in ROS and lipid peroxidation with decreased POX activities with progressive stress. Drought stress altered antioxidative response with apparent decrease in mineral nutrient (Zn, Ca, Na, Fe, Mg, and K) contents of leaves suggesting that mineral deficiency mediated drought stress induced oxidative damage in tea. Tea plants exposed to heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Cu, Al) also showed reduction in growth and antioxidative responses. Further, a post-drought recovery study in tea also reveals that drought induced biochemical damages are not permanent, as the plant recovers on rehydration. Mineral nutrients play an important role in post-drought recovery in tea. The process of recovery was significantly influenced by foliar spray of K, Ca, Zn etc., leading to improved antioxidant potential. Thus, drought tolerance and post-drought recovery can be improved by application of nutrients like K, Ca, Zn, B etc. However, molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress amelioration and post stress recovery mediated by these nutrients need to be explored in future.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased the water loss rate of tea.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN TEA”
e0“Drought stress caused increased water loss rate (WLR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased the relative water content of tea leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN TEA”
e0“Drought stress caused increased water loss rate (WLR)”
e1“decrease in relative water content (RWC), dry mass, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and total phenolic contents of leaf and antioxidants like ascorbate and glutathione in tea”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased dry mass, chlorophyll and carotenoid of tea leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN TEA”
e0“Drought stress caused increased water loss rate (WLR)”
e1“decrease in relative water content (RWC), dry mass, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and total phenolic contents of leaf and antioxidants like ascorbate and glutathione in tea”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased total phenolic contents, ascorbate and glutathione of tea leaves.
- Taxon
- teat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contents of leaf and antioxidants like ascorbate and glutathionee1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN TEA”
e0“Drought stress caused increased water loss rate (WLR)”
e1“decrease in relative water content (RWC), dry mass, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and total phenolic contents of leaf and antioxidants like ascorbate and glutathione in tea”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf antioxidant enzymes of tea showed differential activities.
Verbatim
t0“ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN TEA”
e2“Leaf antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, CAT, GR, etc.) showed differential activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Progressive drought stress increased ROS and lipid peroxidation in tea.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN TEA”
e3“there was increase in ROS and lipid peroxidation with decreased POX activities with progressive stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Progressive drought stress decreased POX activities in tea.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN TEA”
e3“there was increase in ROS and lipid peroxidation with decreased POX activities with progressive stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased leaf Zn, Ca and Na contents in tea.
- Taxon
- teat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse4
- Outcome
- mineral nutriente4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Qualifier
- Zn, Ca, Nae4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN TEA”
e4“Drought stress altered antioxidative response with apparent decrease in mineral nutrient (Zn, Ca, Na, Fe, Mg, and K) contents of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased leaf Fe, Mg and K contents in tea.
- Taxon
- teat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse4
- Outcome
- mineral nutriente4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Qualifier
- Fe, Mg, and Ke4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN TEA”
e4“Drought stress altered antioxidative response with apparent decrease in mineral nutrient (Zn, Ca, Na, Fe, Mg, and K) contents of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Tea plants exposed to heavy metals showed reduced growth and antioxidative responses.
- Taxon
- Tea plantse5
- Treatment
- heavy metalse5
- Outcome
- growth and antioxidative responsese5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Qualifier
- Cd, Cu, Ale5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e5“Tea plants exposed to heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Cu, Al) also showed reduction in growth and antioxidative responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Tea plants recover on rehydration after drought, so drought-induced biochemical damage is not permanent.
Verbatim
e6“a post-drought recovery study in tea also reveals that drought induced biochemical damages are not permanent, as the plant recovers on rehydration. Mineral nutrients play an important role in post-drought recovery in tea. The process of recovery was significantly influenced by foliar spray of K, Ca, Zn etc., leading to improved antioxidant potential. Thus, drought tolerance and post-drought recovery can be improved by application of nutrients like K, Ca, Zn, B etc.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray of K, Ca and Zn significantly improved antioxidant potential during post-drought recovery in tea.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“a post-drought recovery study in tea also reveals that drought induced biochemical damages are not permanent, as the plant recovers on rehydration. Mineral nutrients play an important role in post-drought recovery in tea. The process of recovery was significantly influenced by foliar spray of K, Ca, Zn etc., leading to improved antioxidant potential. Thus, drought tolerance and post-drought recovery can be improved by application of nutrients like K, Ca, Zn, B etc.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought tolerance and post-drought recovery of tea can be improved by applying K, Ca, Zn and B.
Verbatim
t0“ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN TEA”
e6“a post-drought recovery study in tea also reveals that drought induced biochemical damages are not permanent, as the plant recovers on rehydration. Mineral nutrients play an important role in post-drought recovery in tea. The process of recovery was significantly influenced by foliar spray of K, Ca, Zn etc., leading to improved antioxidant potential. Thus, drought tolerance and post-drought recovery can be improved by application of nutrients like K, Ca, Zn, B etc.”