Abstract
Abstract Groundnut varieties were analyzed for their tannin, ionizable iron, soluble zinc, phytate phosphorus, total iron, total phosphorus, total zinc, copper, magnesium, and manganese contents in ungerminated seed and after 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of germination. Tannin content varied between 100 and 623 mg/100 g; ionizable iron ranged from 136–2178 µg/100 g; phytate phosphorus ranged from 415–655 mg/100 g; soluble zinc varied between 776 and 951 µg/100 g of kernels. Soaking groundnuts overnight in water resulted in a decrease in content of most of the minerals, trace elements, tannins, and soluble zinc. As the germination period increased from 0 to 24, 48, and 72 h, ionizable iron (50%) and soluble zinc (95%) increased substantially. Ionizable iron as percent of total iron increased from 10% in ungerminated kernels to 23% in 72‐h germinated kernels. Soluble zinc as percent of total zinc also increased from 18% in ungerminated groundnuts to 31% in 72‐h germinated ones. There was a negative correlation between tannin content and ionizable iron content of ungerminated and germinated kernels (r=−0.5203). Germination decreased the antinutritional factors, such as tannin, and increased the bioavailable forms of iron and zinc, namely ionizable iron and soluble zinc contents of groundnut kernels.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut kernel tannin content ranged from 100 to 623 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- Groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Outcome
- Tannin contente0
- Value
- 100 and 623 mg/100 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tannin content varied between 100 and 623 mg/100 g”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Ionizable iron ranged from 136 to 2178 µg/100 g.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- ionizable irone0
- Value
- 136–2178 µg/100 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ionizable iron ranged from 136–2178 µg/100 g”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytate phosphorus ranged from 415 to 655 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- phytate phosphoruse0
- Value
- 415–655 mg/100 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytate phosphorus ranged from 415–655 mg/100 g”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble zinc ranged from 776 to 951 µg/100 g of kernels.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- soluble zince0
- Value
- 776 and 951 µg/100 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble zinc varied between 776 and 951 µg/100 g of kernels”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Overnight water soaking decreased most minerals and trace elements in groundnuts.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Soaking groundnuts overnight in watere0
- Outcome
- content of most of the minerals, trace elementse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking groundnuts overnight in water resulted in a decrease in content of most of the minerals, trace elements, tannins, and soluble zinc.”
Claim · model-written summary
Overnight soaking decreased tannins and soluble zinc in groundnuts.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Soaking groundnuts overnight in watere0
- Outcome
- tannins, and soluble zince0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking groundnuts overnight in water resulted in a decrease in content of most of the minerals, trace elements, tannins, and soluble zinc.”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased ionizable iron by 50%.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- germination periode0
- Outcome
- ionizable irone0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the germination period increased from 0 to 24, 48, and 72 h, ionizable iron (50%) and soluble zinc (95%) increased substantially.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased soluble zinc by 95%.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- germination periode0
- Outcome
- soluble zince0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the germination period increased from 0 to 24, 48, and 72 h, ionizable iron (50%) and soluble zinc (95%) increased substantially.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Ionizable iron as a fraction of total iron rose from 10% in ungerminated to 23% in 72-hour germinated kernels.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 72‐h germinated kernelse0
- Outcome
- Ionizable iron as percent of total irone0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Qualifier
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- ungerminated kernelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ionizable iron as percent of total iron increased from 10% in ungerminated kernels to 23% in 72‐h germinated kernels.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble zinc as a fraction of total zinc rose from 18% in ungerminated groundnuts to 31% after 72 hours germination.
- Taxon
- groundnutsArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- 72‐h germinated onese0
- Outcome
- Soluble zinc as percent of total zince0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31%e0
- Qualifier
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- ungerminated groundnutse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble zinc as percent of total zinc also increased from 18% in ungerminated groundnuts to 31% in 72‐h germinated ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannin content was negatively correlated with ionizable iron in ungerminated and germinated kernels.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Compound
- tannine0
- Outcome
- ionizable iron contente0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Value
- r=−0.5203e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative correlation between tannin content and ionizable iron content of ungerminated and germinated kernels (r=−0.5203)”
t0“groundnut”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.