Abstract
ABSTRACT A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the existing traditional methods of parboiling in tropical Africa and recommend improvements for developing countries. Effects of parboiling method, rice variety, soaking treatment, and drying treatment on rice quality were evaluated. Traditional parboiling with steaming under pressure contributed to a higher head yield, more grain deformity, less white portion grains, and darker color than two parboiling methods with steaming under atmospheric pressure. Location of rice in the parboiling container influenced the quality and yield, resulting in a non-uniform product. Medium grain rice produced more desirable characteristics than long grain. Soaking before steaming of dry rice produced more desirable rice than direct steaming of naturally high moisture rice. Combination of infrared and shade drying produced higher head yield than only infrared drying. This combination gave similar head yields to two-pass mechanical drying with a modern parboiling method.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure steaming produced higher head yield than atmospheric-pressure steaming.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- steaming under pressuree0
- Outcome
- head yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- steaming under atmospheric pressuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional parboiling with steaming under pressure contributed to a higher head yield, more grain deformity, less white portion grains, and darker color than two parboiling methods with steaming under atmospheric pressure”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure steaming caused more grain deformity than atmospheric-pressure steaming.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- steaming under pressuree0
- Outcome
- grain deformitye0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- steaming under atmospheric pressuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional parboiling with steaming under pressure contributed to a higher head yield, more grain deformity, less white portion grains, and darker color than two parboiling methods with steaming under atmospheric pressure”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure steaming produced fewer white portion grains than atmospheric-pressure steaming.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- steaming under pressuree0
- Outcome
- white portion grainse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- steaming under atmospheric pressuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional parboiling with steaming under pressure contributed to a higher head yield, more grain deformity, less white portion grains, and darker color than two parboiling methods with steaming under atmospheric pressure”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure steaming produced darker rice than atmospheric-pressure steaming.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- steaming under pressuree0
- Outcome
- colore0
- Direction
- darkere0
- Comparator
- steaming under atmospheric pressuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional parboiling with steaming under pressure contributed to a higher head yield, more grain deformity, less white portion grains, and darker color than two parboiling methods with steaming under atmospheric pressure”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice position in the parboiling container affected quality and yield and led to a non-uniform product.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- quality and yielde0
- Qualifier
- non-uniform producte0
- Setting
- parboiling containere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Location of rice in the parboiling container influenced the quality and yield, resulting in a non-uniform product”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium grain rice had more desirable characteristics than long grain rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Medium grain ricee0
- Outcome
- more desirable characteristicse0
- Direction
- more desirablee0
- Comparator
- long graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medium grain rice produced more desirable characteristics than long grain”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soaking dry rice before steaming produced more desirable rice than direct steaming of high-moisture rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Soaking before steaming of dry ricee0
- Outcome
- more desirable ricee0
- Direction
- more desirablee0
- Comparator
- direct steaming of naturally high moisture ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking before steaming of dry rice produced more desirable rice than direct steaming of naturally high moisture rice”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Infrared plus shade drying yielded more head rice than infrared drying alone.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Combination of infrared and shade dryinge0
- Outcome
- head yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- only infrared dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of infrared and shade drying produced higher head yield than only infrared drying”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Infrared plus shade drying and two-pass mechanical drying gave similar head yields.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Combination of infrared and shade dryinge1
- Outcome
- head yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- two-pass mechanical drying with a modern parboiling methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This combination gave similar head yields to two-pass mechanical drying with a modern parboiling method”
e1“Combination of infrared and shade drying”
t0“Rice”
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See all 114 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.