Abstract
Effects of waterlogging relative to drained conditions on grain yield were studied in relation to soil redox potentials and microelements (Fe and Mn) in soils from India and Western Australia, using waterlogging intolerant and tolerant varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) The grain yield of wheat decreased significantly with increasing duration of waterlogging in sodic soils. In Indian soils, soil redox potentials decreased sharply after waterlogging and were 150 and 210 mV at 10 days after waterlogging in alkali soil at pH 8.5 and pH 9.2, respectively. Two Australian soils were similarly reduced in redox potential with values of ~200 mV at 10 days after waterlogging, and redox potentials were further reduced to 100 mV and –50 mV for soils without and with added glucose, respectively, after 40 days of waterlogging. The Indian soils tended to be 2–10 times higher in DTPA-Mn than the Australian soils, whereas the Australian soils were up to 10 times higher in DTPA-Fe than the Indian soils. These increases were up to 10 and 60 times higher, respectively, than reported critical concentrations for wheat. After 21 days of waterlogging, the Indian soils were drained, and the re-aeration resulted in an increase in redox potential and a decrease in DTPA-Fe and -Mn in soil solutions, but this occurred slowly, taking 15–25 days. The results support the hypothesis that waterlogging tolerance is a product of tolerance to anoxia and microelement toxicities, and that these are both key factors limiting plant growth during and after waterlogging. These factors may also contribute to the large differences in screening wheat varieties for waterlogging tolerance in different soils.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield decreased significantly with increasing duration of waterlogging in sodic soils.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- increasing duration of waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- sodic soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield of wheat decreased significantly with increasing duration of waterlogging in sodic soils”
Claim · model-written summary
In Indian alkali soils (pH 8.5 and 9.2) soil redox potential decreased sharply after waterlogging, reaching 150 and 210 mV at 10 days.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- soil redox potentialse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 150 and 210 mVe0
- Setting
- alkali soil at pH 8.5 and pH 9.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“In Indian soils, soil redox potentials decreased sharply after waterlogging and were 150 and 210 mV at 10 days after waterlogging in alkali soil at pH 8.5 and pH 9.2, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In two Australian soils redox potential was similarly reduced, to about 200 mV at 10 days after waterlogging.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- redox potentiale0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ~200 mVe0
- Setting
- Australian soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“Two Australian soils were similarly reduced in redox potential with values of ~200 mV at 10 days after waterlogging”
Claim · model-written summary
In Australian soils without added glucose, redox potential was further reduced to 100 mV after 40 days of waterlogging.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- redox potentialse0
- Direction
- further reducede0
- Value
- 100 mVe0
- Qualifier
- soils withoute0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“redox potentials were further reduced to 100 mV and –50 mV for soils without and with added glucose, respectively, after 40 days of waterlogging”
Claim · model-written summary
In Australian soils with added glucose, redox potential was further reduced to –50 mV after 40 days of waterlogging.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- redox potentialse0
- Direction
- further reducede0
- Value
- –50 mVe0
- Qualifier
- with added glucosee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“redox potentials were further reduced to 100 mV and –50 mV for soils without and with added glucose, respectively, after 40 days of waterlogging”
Claim · model-written summary
Indian soils tended to be 2–10 times higher in DTPA-Mn than the Australian soils.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- DTPA-Mne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2–10 timese0
- Comparator
- Australian soilse0
- Setting
- Indian soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“The Indian soils tended to be 2–10 times higher in DTPA-Mn than the Australian soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Australian soils were up to 10 times higher in DTPA-Fe than the Indian soils.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- DTPA-Fee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- up to 10 timese0
- Comparator
- Indian soilse0
- Setting
- Australian soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“the Australian soils were up to 10 times higher in DTPA-Fe than the Indian soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The increases in soil Mn and Fe were up to 10 and 60 times higher, respectively, than reported critical concentrations for wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- These increasese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- up to 10 and 60 timese0
- Comparator
- reported critical concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These increases were up to 10 and 60 times higher, respectively, than reported critical concentrations for wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
After Indian soils were drained following 21 days of waterlogging, re-aeration increased redox potential, slowly over 15–25 days.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- re-aeratione0
- Outcome
- redox potentiale0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“the re-aeration resulted in an increase in redox potential and a decrease in DTPA-Fe and -Mn in soil solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
After drainage and re-aeration of Indian soils, DTPA-Fe and -Mn in soil solutions decreased.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- re-aeratione0
- Outcome
- DTPA-Fe and -Mn in soil solutionse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“the re-aeration resulted in an increase in redox potential and a decrease in DTPA-Fe and -Mn in soil solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the results as supporting that waterlogging tolerance is a product of tolerance to anoxia and microelement toxicities, both key factors limiting plant growth.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- waterlogging tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- tolerance to anoxia and microelement toxicitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“waterlogging tolerance is a product of tolerance to anoxia and microelement toxicities”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest these factors may also contribute to large differences in screening wheat varieties for waterlogging tolerance in different soils.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- differences in screening wheat varieties for waterlogging tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- may also contributee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These factors may also contribute to the large differences in screening wheat varieties for waterlogging tolerance in different soils”
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