Abstract
Nitrogen fertility is an important component of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivation systems, especially where air and soil quality issues have prompted a search for alternatives to rice straw burning. This study examined the effects of different rice straw management practices and winter flooding on yield, N uptake, and N use efficiency. The experiment, established on two sites in California, was initiated in 1993 on a Sodic Endoaquert near Maxwell and in 1994 on a Xeric Duraquert near Biggs. Main plot treatments were winter flooding and no winter flooding, and four straw management practices—straw burned, incorporated, rolled, and baled/removed—were subplot treatments. Zero N fertilizer microplots were established yearly in each plot. At currently recommended N fertilization levels, where other nutrients were sufficient, grain yield was unaffected by alternative straw management or winter flooding. However, in the third year after experiment initiation, the grain yield in zero N fertilizer plots was greater where straw was retained, i.e., incorporated and rolled. In Years 3 through 5 at Maxwell, straw retention increased N uptake by rice by an average of 19 kg N ha −1 where no N fertilizer was applied and by 12 kg N ha −1 at recommended rate of N fertilizer application. Winter flooding further increased crop N uptake when straw was retained. The additional available soil N from straw led to increased N uptake without corresponding increased grain yield, which decreased N use efficiency and necessitates the re‐evaluation of N fertilizer application rates.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield was unaffected by alternative straw management or winter flooding at recommended N fertilization levels.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- alternative straw management or winter floodinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- At currently recommended N fertilization levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At currently recommended N fertilization levels, where other nutrients were sufficient, grain yield was unaffected by alternative straw management or winter flooding.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under zero N fertilizer, retained straw increased rice grain yield in year three.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- straw was retainede0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- zero N fertilizer plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the third year after experiment initiation, the grain yield in zero N fertilizer plots was greater where straw was retained, i.e., incorporated and rolled.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw retention increased rice N uptake by 19 kg N ha −1 where no N fertilizer was applied.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- straw retentione0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19 kg N ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- where no N fertilizer was appliede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw retention increased N uptake by rice by an average of 19 kg N ha −1 where no N fertilizer was applied and by 12 kg N ha −1 at recommended rate of N fertilizer application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw retention increased rice N uptake by 12 kg N ha −1 at recommended rate of N fertilizer application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- straw retentione0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12 kg N ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- at recommended rate of N fertilizer applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw retention increased N uptake by rice by an average of 19 kg N ha −1 where no N fertilizer was applied and by 12 kg N ha −1 at recommended rate of N fertilizer application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter flooding further increased rice N uptake with straw retention.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Winter floodinge0
- Outcome
- crop N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- when straw was retainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter flooding further increased crop N uptake when straw was retained.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional soil N from straw increased rice N uptake without increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- strawe0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- without corresponding increased grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The additional available soil N from straw led to increased N uptake without corresponding increased grain yield, which decreased N use efficiency and necessitates the re‐evaluation of N fertilizer application rates.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional soil N from straw decreased rice N use efficiency.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- strawe0
- Outcome
- N use efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The additional available soil N from straw led to increased N uptake without corresponding increased grain yield, which decreased N use efficiency and necessitates the re‐evaluation of N fertilizer application rates.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors call for re-evaluating N fertilizer application rates.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- re‐evaluation of N fertilizer application ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The additional available soil N from straw led to increased N uptake without corresponding increased grain yield, which decreased N use efficiency and necessitates the re‐evaluation of N fertilizer application rates.”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
flooding · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
68 papers more in this group
See all 72 papers →flooding · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
92 papers in the same direction as this paper · 193 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
282 papers more in this group
See all 286 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.