Abstract
Seed germination and early growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings were significantly reduced when irrigated with a mixture of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb at concentrations of sewage water. Leaf content of photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and total nitrogen also decreased. Cd and Pb significantly inhibited the activity of alpha and beta-amylases and protease enzymes during germination. Treatment of the mixture solution by precipitation, rice residue or EDTA decreased its retarding effect. The effect of precipitation was more pronounced. Whilst the lower concentration of Cu and Zn stimulated germination, growth and metabolism of bean seedling, the higher concentrations showed inhibitory effects. Even at very low concentrations of Cd and Pb germination, growth and metabolism of bean significantly decreased. Precipitation treatment alleviated the adverse effects of higher concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb. Whilst rice residue and EDTA treatments slightly enhanced germination of seeds treated with high concentrations of Zn and Cu, they did not affect germination of seeds treated with Cd or Pb.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
A sewage concentration mixture of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb significantly reduced bean germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- mixture of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb at concentrations of sewage watere0
- Outcome
- Seed germination and early growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination and early growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings were significantly reduced when irrigated with a mixture of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb at concentrations of sewage water.”
Claim · model-written summary
The metal mixture lowered bean leaf pigments, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and total nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Organ / stage
- Leafe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and total nitrogene0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Leaf content of photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and total nitrogen also decreased.”
t0“Response of Bean to Some Heavy Metals in Sewage Water”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium and lead significantly inhibited amylase and protease activity during bean germination.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Organ / stage
- germinatione0
- Treatment
- Cd and Pbe0
- Outcome
- activity of alpha and beta-amylases and protease enzymese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Cd and Pb significantly inhibited the activity of alpha and beta-amylases and protease enzymes during germination.”
t0“Response of Bean to Some Heavy Metals in Sewage Water”
Claim · model-written summary
Precipitation, rice residue and EDTA treatment reduced the metal mixture’s growth-retarding effect.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- precipitation, rice residue or EDTAe0
- Outcome
- retarding effecte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- mixture solutione0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of the mixture solution by precipitation, rice residue or EDTA decreased its retarding effect.”
t0“Response of Bean to Some Heavy Metals in Sewage Water”
Claim · model-written summary
Precipitation had the strongest mitigation of the metal mixture’s adverse effect.
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“The effect of precipitation was more pronounced.”
t0“Response of Bean to Some Heavy Metals in Sewage Water”
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of copper and zinc stimulated bean germination, growth and metabolism.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Organ / stage
- seedlinge0
- Treatment
- lower concentration of Cu and Zne0
- Outcome
- germination, growth and metabolisme0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Comparator
- higher concentrationse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Whilst the lower concentration of Cu and Zn stimulated germination, growth and metabolism of bean seedling, the higher concentrations showed inhibitory effects.”
Claim · model-written summary
High concentrations of copper and zinc inhibited bean germination, growth and metabolism.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Organ / stage
- seedlinge0
- Treatment
- higher concentrationse0
- Outcome
- germination, growth and metabolisme0
- Direction
- inhibitory effectse0
- Comparator
- lower concentration of Cu and Zne0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Whilst the lower concentration of Cu and Zn stimulated germination, growth and metabolism of bean seedling, the higher concentrations showed inhibitory effects.”
Claim · model-written summary
Very low cadmium and lead concentrations significantly reduced bean germination, growth and metabolism.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- very low concentrations of Cd and Pbe0
- Outcome
- germination, growth and metabolisme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Even at very low concentrations of Cd and Pb germination, growth and metabolism of bean significantly decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Precipitation alleviated effects of high concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium and lead on bean.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- Precipitation treatmente0
- Outcome
- adverse effectse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Comparator
- higher concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pbe0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Precipitation treatment alleviated the adverse effects of higher concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb.”
t0“Response of Bean to Some Heavy Metals in Sewage Water”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice residue and EDTA slightly enhanced germination under high zinc and copper.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- rice residue and EDTA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- slightly enhancede0
- Comparator
- high concentrations of Zn and Cue0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Whilst rice residue and EDTA treatments slightly enhanced germination of seeds treated with high concentrations of Zn and Cu, they did not affect germination of seeds treated with Cd or Pb.”
t0“Response of Bean to Some Heavy Metals in Sewage Water”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice residue and EDTA did not affect germination under cadmium or lead treatment.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- rice residue and EDTA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Comparator
- Cd or Pbe0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Whilst rice residue and EDTA treatments slightly enhanced germination of seeds treated with high concentrations of Zn and Cu, they did not affect germination of seeds treated with Cd or Pb.”
t0“Response of Bean to Some Heavy Metals in Sewage Water”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →zinc atom · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →lead atom · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →copper atom · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Oryza sativa · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.