Abstract
Appropriate nutrient application is critical for nursery managers to achieve a healthy seedling production as well as to diminish financial and environmental costs. The growth performance and nutritional changes were quantified by vector diagnosis and quality index (QI) for the appropriate fertilization. The height and root collar diameter of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica increased as fertilization increased and those of Pinus koraiensis and Abies holophylla did not show any significant difference across treatments. The highest fertilization increased QIs of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica by three and two times, respectively, compared to the control. Vector diagnosis showed diverse responses of plant nutrition to fertilization among species, application amounts, and elements. For example, fertilization induced an increase in nutrient uptake and dry weight, and a decrease in nutrients N and K, and all treatment levels, which reflect dilution in F. rhynchophylla. However, P concentrations were stable with an increase of nutrient uptake and biomass growth, which means sufficiency. Based on morphological index and vector diagnosis, F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica require more fertilization, for sustainably good growth and plant nutrition, than is provided by the standard application (N 13.8 g m−2, P 6.1 g m−2, K 7.5 g m−2), while P. koraiensis and A. holophylla need not be fertilized as much as the standard. Considering the nutrient requirement differences of each species, coupling of QI and vector diagnosis techniques for appropriate nutrient application will not only contribute to an economic increasing of seedling production for reforestation but will also diminish financial and environmental costs.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Fraxinus rhynchophylla height and root collar diameter increased with fertilization.
- Taxon
- Fraxinus rhynchophylla
Fraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophyllae0 - Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- height and root collar diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The height and root collar diameter of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica increased as fertilization increased”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mandshurica height and root collar diameter increased with fertilization.
- Taxon
- F. mandshurica
Fraxinus mandshuricae0 - Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- height and root collar diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The height and root collar diameter of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica increased as fertilization increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinus koraiensis growth dimensions did not differ significantly among treatments.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensis
Pinus koraiensise0 - Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- height and root collar diametere0
- Direction
- did not show any significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The height and root collar diameter of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica increased as fertilization increased and those of Pinus koraiensis and Abies holophylla did not show any significant difference across treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Abies holophylla growth dimensions did not differ significantly among treatments.
- Taxon
- Abies holophylla
Abies holophyllae0 - Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- height and root collar diametere0
- Direction
- did not show any significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The height and root collar diameter of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica increased as fertilization increased and those of Pinus koraiensis and Abies holophylla did not show any significant difference across treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest fertilization tripled F. rhynchophylla quality index versus control.
- Taxon
- F. rhynchophyllaFraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophyllae0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- QIse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- threee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest fertilization increased QIs of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica by three and two times, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest fertilization doubled F. mandshurica quality index versus control.
- Taxon
- F. mandshuricaFraxinus mandshuricae0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- QIse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- two timese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest fertilization increased QIs of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica by three and two times, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Vector diagnosis found diverse nutritional responses by species, dose and element.
- Outcome
- responses of plant nutrition to fertilizatione0
- Comparator
- species, application amounts, and elementse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Vector diagnosis showed diverse responses of plant nutrition to fertilization among species, application amounts, and elements”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased nutrient uptake and dry weight in F. rhynchophylla.
- Taxon
- F. rhynchophyllaFraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophyllae0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilization induced an increase in nutrient uptake and dry weight, and a decrease in nutrients N and K, and all treatment levels, which reflect dilution in F. rhynchophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization decreased N and K nutrient concentrations in F. rhynchophylla, interpreted as dilution.
- Taxon
- F. rhynchophyllaFraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophyllae0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- nutrients N and Ke0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- reflect dilutione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilization induced an increase in nutrient uptake and dry weight, and a decrease in nutrients N and K, and all treatment levels, which reflect dilution in F. rhynchophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
P concentrations remained stable while nutrient uptake and biomass increased, indicating P sufficiency.
- Taxon
- F. rhynchophyllaFraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophyllae1
- Outcome
- P concentrationse0
- Direction
- stablee0
- Qualifier
- sufficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P concentrations were stable with an increase of nutrient uptake and biomass growth, which means sufficiency”
e1“which reflect dilution in F. rhynchophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
F. rhynchophylla needs more fertilization than the standard application.
- Taxon
- F. rhynchophyllaFraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophyllae0
- Outcome
- more fertilizatione0
- Comparator
- standard applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica require more fertilization, for sustainably good growth and plant nutrition, than is provided by the standard application (N 13.8 g m−2, P 6.1 g m−2, K 7.5 g m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mandshurica needs more fertilization than the standard application.
- Taxon
- F. mandshuricaFraxinus mandshuricae0
- Outcome
- more fertilizatione0
- Comparator
- standard applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica require more fertilization, for sustainably good growth and plant nutrition, than is provided by the standard application (N 13.8 g m−2, P 6.1 g m−2, K 7.5 g m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. koraiensis need not receive as much fertilizer as the standard application.
- Taxon
- P. koraiensisPinus koraiensise0
- Outcome
- need not be fertilized as much as the standarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. koraiensis and A. holophylla need not be fertilized as much as the standard”
Claim · model-written summary
A. holophylla need not receive as much fertilizer as the standard application.
- Taxon
- A. holophyllaAbies holophyllae0
- Outcome
- need not be fertilized as much as the standarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. koraiensis and A. holophylla need not be fertilized as much as the standard”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose coupling quality index and vector diagnosis to guide nutrient application and reduce costs.
- Taxon
- F. rhynchophyllaFraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophyllae1
- Outcome
- coupling of QI and vector diagnosis techniques for appropriate nutrient applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“coupling of QI and vector diagnosis techniques for appropriate nutrient application will not only contribute to an economic increasing of seedling production for reforestation but will also diminish financial and environmental costs”
e1“Based on morphological index and vector diagnosis, F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Fraxinus chinensisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · growth · Fraxinus mandshurica (Manchurian ash)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.