Abstract
Conventional seedling mats for rice transplanters in Japan are heavy to carry, and much labor is required to collect, wash and store the nursery boxes. In addition, seeding time overlaps with the labor peak in spring. To reduce such labor, we developed a “seed-mat” consisting of hardened rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.) glued onto a molded rice-hull mat with a cover of soil glued on. Seed hardening, which is done by soaking seeds in water at 15ºC for 5 d followed by drying, and heating of the seeds at 50ºC for 5 or 7 d, reduced the time to 50% germination (T50). In dormant seeds, the heating before the hardening enhanced the effect of the hardening more than the heating after the hardening. Seed hardening increased the dry weight of the shoots from the seed-mats. Covering the mat with soil also increased the percentage of seedling emergence, shoot length, number of leaves and shoot dry weight of the seed-mats. The hardened seeds maintained short T50 and 95% or higher germination for 120 d at room temperature. In the seed-mat, the hardened seeds maintained 95% or higher seedling emergence for 208 d. In conclusion, superior seed-mats could be produced using the procedure involving both seed hardening and cover of soil. The seed-mats can be prepared in winter and stored until seedling-raising period in spring. By the seed-mats, seedling mats can be prepared for the rice transplanter without using nursery boxes, which take up storage space and require much labor.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Seed hardening and heating shortened the time to 50% germination in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Seed hardeninge0
- Outcome
- time to 50% germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed hardening, which is done by soaking seeds in water at 15ºC for 5 d followed by drying, and heating of the seeds at 50ºC for 5 or 7 d, reduced the time to 50% germination (T50).”
t0“Development of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
For dormant rice seeds, heating before hardening enhanced the hardening effect more than heating after hardening.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- heating before the hardeninge0
- Outcome
- effect of the hardeninge0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- heating after the hardeninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In dormant seeds, the heating before the hardening enhanced the effect of the hardening more than the heating after the hardening.”
t0“Development of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice seed hardening increased shoot dry weight from seed mats.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Seed hardeninge0
- Outcome
- dry weight of the shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed hardening increased the dry weight of the shoots from the seed-mats.”
t0“Development of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil cover increased rice seed-mat emergence, shoot length, leaf number and shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Covering the mat with soile0
- Outcome
- percentage of seedling emergence, shoot length, number of leaves and shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Covering the mat with soil also increased the percentage of seedling emergence, shoot length, number of leaves and shoot dry weight of the seed-mats.”
t0“Development of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardened rice seeds maintained short T50 and at least 95% germination for 120 days at room temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Qualifier
- for 120 d at room temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hardened seeds maintained short T50 and 95% or higher germination for 120 d at room temperature.”
t0“Development of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardened rice seeds in seed mats maintained at least 95% emergence for 208 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Qualifier
- for 208 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the seed-mat, the hardened seeds maintained 95% or higher seedling emergence for 208 d.”
t0“Development of Rice”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
139 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- positive
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