Abstract
ABSTRACT Salinity reduces fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.), but little is known of the underlying cause(s). In order to determine the relative importance of pollen viability and stigmatic receptivity for seed setting, plants of the rice cultivar IR36 were treated with ‘artificial’ sea water (0,10, 25 or 5Omol −3 with respect to NaCl) from 1 month after germination until the main tiller flowered. An increase in the salinity in the medium resulted in a decrease in the number of fertile florets and in the viability of pollen as determined both by pollen germination and by pollen staining with the tetrazolium salt 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐ithyazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl monotetrazolium bromide. In order to assess the effects of salt on stigmas, seed production was measured for salt‐grown and non‐salt‐grown female plants pollinated with viable pollen (from plants grown in the absence of salt). The percentage of seed set was reduced by 38% when the female plants were grown in 1Omol m −3 Na and by 72% at 25mol m −3 Na: no seed setting was recorded for plants grown in 50mol m −3 Na. Comparisons between crosses involving male and female parents grown at different salinities indicated that effects on the female plants dominated those on pollinator plants. Mineral analysis of leaves of different ages showed that there was a gradient of K concentration from leaf to leaf which was opposite to that of Na and Cl at all levels of applied salinity: K was maximal in the flag leaf, where Na and Cl were minimal. Analysis also revealed that there was an increase in the concentrations of Na and Cl and a decrease in the concentration of K in the pollen grains and stigmas of plants subjected to saline conditions. Correlations between the concentration of Na and Cl in pollen and pollen staining and pollen germination in vitro suggest that Na and Cl perse were responsible for the poor viability. The change in ionic concentrations in pollen and stigmas was much larger than that in the younger leaves, and in particular very much larger than that in the lemmas and paleas.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increased salinity decreased the number of fertile florets in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- IR36e2
- Treatment
- increase in the salinity in the mediume3
- Outcome
- number of fertile floretse3
- Direction
- decreasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e2“plants of the rice cultivar IR36 were treated with”
e3“An increase in the salinity in the medium resulted in a decrease in the number of fertile florets and in the viability of pollen”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased salinity decreased pollen viability in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR36e2
- Organ / stage
- pollene3
- Treatment
- increase in the salinity in the mediume3
- Outcome
- viability of pollene3
- Direction
- decreasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e2“plants of the rice cultivar IR36 were treated with”
e3“An increase in the salinity in the medium resulted in a decrease in the number of fertile florets and in the viability of pollen”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed set was reduced by 38% in female plants grown in 10 mol m-3 Na.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- grown in 1Omol m −3 Nae5
- Outcome
- percentage of seed sete5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 38%e5
- Comparator
- non‐salt‐grown female plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e4“seed production was measured for salt‐grown and non‐salt‐grown female plants”
e5“The percentage of seed set was reduced by 38% when the female plants were grown in 1Omol m −3 Na and by 72% at 25mol m −3 Na”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed set was reduced by 72% in female plants grown in 25 mol m-3 Na.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 25mol m −3 Nae5
- Outcome
- percentage of seed sete5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 72%e5
- Comparator
- non‐salt‐grown female plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e4“seed production was measured for salt‐grown and non‐salt‐grown female plants”
e5“The percentage of seed set was reduced by 38% when the female plants were grown in 1Omol m −3 Na and by 72% at 25mol m −3 Na”
Claim · model-written summary
No seed set occurred in plants grown in 50 mol m-3 Na.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- plants grown in 50mol m −3 Nae6
- Outcome
- seed settinge6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e6“no seed setting was recorded for plants grown in 50mol m −3 Na”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity effects on female parents dominated those on male pollinator parents in rice crosses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- grown at different salinitiese2
- Outcome
- effects on the female plantse1
- Direction
- dominatede1
- Comparator
- pollinator plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e1“effects on the female plants dominated those on pollinator plants”
e2“crosses involving male and female parents grown at different salinities”
Claim · model-written summary
K concentration showed a leaf-to-leaf gradient opposite to that of Na and Cl in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves of different agese2
- Outcome
- K concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e1“there was a gradient of K concentration from leaf to leaf which was opposite to that of Na and Cl at all levels of applied salinity”
e2“Mineral analysis of leaves of different ages showed”
Claim · model-written summary
K concentration was highest in the flag leaf, where Na and Cl were lowest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flag leafe1
- Outcome
- Ke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e1“K was maximal in the flag leaf, where Na and Cl were minimal”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline conditions increased Na and Cl concentrations in rice pollen grains and stigmas.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- pollen grains and stigmase1
- Treatment
- saline conditionse1
- Outcome
- concentrations of Na and Cle1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e1“there was an increase in the concentrations of Na and Cl and a decrease in the concentration of K in the pollen grains and stigmas of plants subjected to saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline conditions decreased K concentration in rice pollen grains and stigmas.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- pollen grains and stigmase1
- Treatment
- saline conditionse1
- Outcome
- concentration of Ke1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e1“there was an increase in the concentrations of Na and Cl and a decrease in the concentration of K in the pollen grains and stigmas of plants subjected to saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Na and Cl concentrations in rice pollen were correlated with pollen staining and germination in vitro.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- pollene1
- Compound
- Na and Cle1
- Outcome
- pollen staining and pollen germination in vitroe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e1“Correlations between the concentration of Na and Cl in pollen and pollen staining and pollen germination in vitro suggest”
Claim · model-written summary
Na and Cl per se were suggested to be responsible for poor pollen viability in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Na and Cle1
- Outcome
- poor viabilitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e1“Correlations between the concentration of Na and Cl in pollen and pollen staining and pollen germination in vitro suggest that Na and Cl perse were responsible for the poor viability”
Claim · model-written summary
Change in ionic concentrations was larger in rice pollen and stigmas than in younger leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- pollen and stigmase1
- Outcome
- change in ionic concentrationse1
- Direction
- much largere1
- Comparator
- younger leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of salinity on seed set in rice”
e1“The change in ionic concentrations in pollen and stigmas was much larger than that in the younger leaves”
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